Coccus

The bacterium was Strepto coccus pneumoniae also called Pneumococcus... 

Cochineal Extract. Cochineal extract (Cl Natural Red 4, Cl No. 75470 EEC No. E 120) is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcohoHc extract of cochineal, which is the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti Dactylopius coccus costd) a variety of field louse. The coloring principle of the extract is beHeved to be carminic acid [1260-17-9] (40), an hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit, comprising approximately 10% of cochineal and 2—4% of its extract. 

Carmine is a colored pigment extracted from the female insect Coccus cacti or Dactylopius coccus, or its eggs. These insects live on prickly pear cactus in Mexico. The Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes brought the dye to Europe after seeing the Aztecs use it. 

D-glucitol. See sorbitol D-mannitol. See mannitol Dactylopius coccus, 111... 

The same pifa,ox values as for the water-soluhle Rieske protein have been determined for the Rieske protein in bovine heart mitochondrial bci complex (102) this is consistent with the fact that the redox potential of the Rieske cluster is unperturbed within the bci complex and indicates that the environment of the Rieske cluster must be accessible within the complex. However, in the bci complex from Para-coccus denitrificans, the redox potential at pH 6.0 was found to be 45 mV lower than at pH 7, indicating the presence of a third group with a redox-dependent pi a value below 7 (36). No redox potential difference between pH 6 and 7 was found for the water-soluble Rieske... 

To extract and evalnate the color pigments from cochineals Dactylopius coccus Costa), a simple method was developed. The procednre is based on the solvent extraction of insect samples nsing methanol and water (65 35, v/v) and a two-level factorial design to optimize the solvent extraction parameters temperature, time, methanol concentration in mixtnre, and yield. For hydrophilic colorants that are more sensitive to temperatnre, water is the solvent of choice. For example, de-aerated water extraction at low temperatnre was applied to separate yellow saffrole and carthamine from saffron (Carthamus tinctorius) florets that contain about 1% yellow saffrole and 0.3% red carthamine. ... 

Gonzalez, M. et al.. Optimizing conditions for the extraction of pigments in cochineals Dactylopius coccus Costa) using response surface methodology, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6968, 2002. 

Kim Y-H, K-H Engesser (2004) Degradation of alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers, and dibenzyl ether by Rhodo-coccus sp. strain DEE 5151, isolated from diethyl ether-containing enrichment cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 4398-4401. 

Engesser KH, RB Cain, HI Knackmuss (1988b) Bacterial metabolism of side chain fluorinated aromatics cometabolism of 3-trifluoromethyl (TFM)-benzoate by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 and Rhodo-coccus rubropertinctus 1 651. Arch Microbiol 149 188-197. 

Schiefer-Ullrich H, JR Andreesen (1985) Peptostreptoccus barnesae sp. nov, a Gram-positive, anaerobic, obligately purine utilizing coccus from chicken feces. Arch Microbiol 143 26-31. 

Wang P, AE Humphrey, S Krawiec (1996) Kinetic analysis of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by Rhodo-coccus erythropolis in continuous cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 3066-3068. 

Ferrichromes Hydroxamic acid 3 Species of Aspergillus, Neuro-spora, Paecilomyces, Penicil-lium, Spicaria, Ustilago, Crypto-coccus, Actinomyces, Sireptomy-ces and probably Sphacelotheca... 

Chinese insect wax (or pe-la) 79-83 Scale insect (Coccus ceriferus) Cosmetic, sealer... 

The spherical bacteria (singular, coccus plural, cocci) divide in one, two, or three planes, producing pairs or chains, clusters, or packets of cells. Some are apparently perfect, spheres others are slightly elongated or ellipsoidal in shape. 

Chinese wax is a white to yellowish-white, gelatinous, crystalline, water-insoluble substance obtained from the secretion of the scaled insect Coccus ceriferus, common in China and India. Chinese wax is used chiefly in the manufacture of polishes, sizes, and candles and is traditionally employed in Chinese medicine. It is basically made up of ceryl cerotate (esacosanoyl esacosanoate) and esacosanol [78,79]. 

Coccobacillus A short, thick bacterial rod of the shape of an oval or slightly elongated coccus. 

Al. Aaronson, S., Biotin assay with a coccus, Micrococcus sodonensis, nov. sp. J. Bacteriol. 69, 67-70 (1955). 

Cochineal extract is obtained from the bodies of the female cochineal insects, particularly Dactylopius coccus Costa, by treating the dried bodies with ethanol. After removal of the solvent, the dried residue contains about 2-4% carminic acid, the main colored component. The cochineal insects grow on cactus and,... 

Fig. 2.32. Chromatograms obtained at 420 and 500 nm for pure cochineal (a) and for cochineal adulterated by erythrosin (b), at a concentration of 0.35 X10-3 kg per kg cochineal, and by trans-fi-carotene (c) at a concentration of 6X10-3 kg per kg cochineal. Cochineal pigments dcH, dcIH, dcIV and dcVII, unknown pigments of D. coccus Costa ca, carminic acid fl, flavokermesic acid and ka, kermesic acid. marks the peak of the added colourant. Reprinted with permission from M. Gonzalez et al. [72].

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