Cocaine dependence dopamine receptors

Hitri A., Little K., Ellinwood D. Effect of cocaine on dopamine transporter receptors depends on routes of chronic cocaine administration. Neuropsychopharmacology. 14 205, 1996. 

Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H., and Satel, S.L. (1999b) No association between D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) alleles or haplotypes and cocaine dependence or severity of cocaine dependence in European- and African-Americans. Biol Psychiatry 45 340— 345. 

Noble, Ernest P., Kenneth Blum, M. E. Khalsa, Terry Ritchie, Anne Montgomery, R. C. Wood, R. J. Fitch, T. Ozkaragoz, Peter J. Sheridan, M. D. Anglin, A. Paredes, L. J. Treiman, and R. S. Sparks. 1993. "Allelic Association of the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene with Cocaine Dependence." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 33 271-85. 

Reith, 1988), and the extensive literature which suggests that cocaine s reinforcing effects are mediated by increases in extracellular dopamine levels in the mesolim-bic dopamine system (Ritz et al., 1987 Koob and Bloom, 1988 Johanson and Fischman, 1989 Kuhar et al., 1991 Woolverton and Johnson, 1992). Dopamine receptor antagonists have been evaluated for their potential utility in treating cocaine abuse (Mello and Negus, 1996) but such agents produce extrapyramidal motor effects and other unwanted effects that complicate their use in the treatment of cocaine dependence. 

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