Cocaine complications

ANSWER No, I never tried that, but the literature there is complicated, as you know. Animals will, however, self-administer cocaine into the frontal cortex. Amphetamine is self-administered into the nucleus accumbens. 

Increased oxygen demand secondary to increased heart rates and blood pressure has been hypothesized to lead to myocardial infarction (especially in patients with fixed coronary disease) and/or ventricular arrhythmias. In patients with no history of cardiac disease, cocaine is thought to induce acute isehemie complications via vasospasm of the coronaries (Ascher et al. 1988). In addition, Virmani et al. (1988) have reported a 20 percent incidence of myocarditis thought to be secondary to accumulated microvascular injuries. 

Cregler, L.L., and Mark, H. Medical complications of cocaine abuse. 

However, there are some data on interactions of phosphate esters with other compounds. Cocaine undergoes metabolism by three major routes one of these routes involves hydrolysis by liver and plasma cholinesterases to form ecgonine methyl ester. It has been suggested that cocaine users with serious complications tend to have lower plasma cholinesterase levels. Thus, it is possible that individuals with decreased plasma cholinesterase levels (such as resulting from organophosphate ester exposure) may be highly sensitive to cocaine (Cregler and Mark 1986 Hoffman et al. 1992). However, there are no experimental data to support this hypothesis. 

The 13C labels allow for use of 13C NMR in which the peaks containing the 13C label enrichment show satellites corresponding to a 1JCc coupling ( 30 Hz). The distribution pattern of 13C labels found was more complicated than one single pathway and pointed toward both pelletierine and cocaine-derived alkaloid pathways, both which incorporate two acetate units Hemscheidt T, Spenser ID (1993) J Am Chem Soc 115 3020... 

Neonatal Cocaine freely crosses the placental barrier, and prenatal exposure to cocaine alters neurobehavioral development in rat pups (Sobrian et al. 1990). The effects on humans exposed prenatally to cocaine is a complicated matter, because so many other concurrent factors contribute to development. Common confounds are prenatal care and maternal polydrug use. Prenatal cocaine use is associated with reduced gestational age, birth weight, body length, and head circumference (Richardson et al. 1999). In children exposed prenatally to cocaine, some studies have shown behavioral differences evident at 1 to 3 years of age (Richardson et al. 1993 Richardson 1998). Associations are also made with impulsivity and attention deficits at age 6 (Leech et al. 1999). 

Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P, Schultz LR, Millikan CFI, Flo KL, Welch KM. (1991). A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine alkaloidal versus hydrochloride—a review. Neurology. 41(8) 1173-77. 

Other important components of the initial evaluation include a medical evaluation including both a medical history and physical examination. This can identify medical consequences of substance abuse, such as liver impairment from chronic alcohol abuse or sinus complications from cocaine use, as well as reveal needle tracks from a variety of self-injection sites that might not be readily apparent to casual observation. 

Morphine and cocaine Morphine is medically the most important alkaloid present in opium. Opium itself consists of the dried milky exudate extracted from unripe capsules of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which is grown mainly in Asia, but also in some parts of India and China. Morphine is a powerful analgesic and has been used to treat severe pain. However, its addictive properties complicate its long-term medical use and it is also a drug of abuse. In addition to morphine, opium also contains codeine, which has similar, but weaker, actions. 

TAC (tetracaine, adrenalin [epinephrine], and cocaine) is a combination topical anesthetic frequently used in pediatric emergency departments for repair of minor lacerations. The usual mixture is tetracaine 0.5%, epinephrine 1 2,000, and cocaine 11.8%. Because of potential complications (seizures), lower concentrations of cocaine and epinephrine in a tetracaine 1% solution have been suggested (TAC III). 

Pharmacological treatments were used by nearly half of the 149 services which offered any treatment, with a wide range of medications directed at various features of cocaine usage. Fluoxetine and desipramine were the most frequently prescribed antidepressants, with benzodiazepines used to aid sleep and reduce distress in withdrawal states. Sedative antipsychotics were used, apparently in states of severe agitation as well as more directly for psychotic complications. 

The prevalence of cocaine abuse has increased greatly over the last decade and now represents a major public health problem worldwide. Cocaine is highly addictive (relative risk = 5), and its use is associated with a number of complications. 

Driving under the influence of alcohol cases are complicated because people sometimes consume alcohol with other substances. The most common illicit substances taken with alcohol are marijuana and cocaine. Forensic toxicology laboratories having large caseloads rely on immunoassay techniques to screen specimens. Immunoassay technology involves the manufacture of antibodies that are specific to particular drugs or to a class of drugs,... 

Individuals who are addicted to benzodiazepines should not try to quit cold turkey on their own. Often, individuals addicted to a benzodiazepine have an addiction to another substance or drug, such as cocaine or alcohol. These multiple addictions are complicated. Recovery from these addictions should not be attempted alone. Withdrawal from abuse of benzodiazepines may cause life-threatening complications. 

The misuse of OTC drugs may complicate medical treatment. Phenylpropanolamine is a part of a medicine for cold, allergy, and weight control, and is a drug of abuse that is often sold as a cocaine or amphetamine substitute. This drug may... 

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