CO2 chemistry

In contrast to monocnes, dienes have been well investigated as partners in CO2 chemistry. Por Instance, the 1,2-dicne allene has been cootigomerized with CO2 to yield two esters and one lactone. The lactone is reminiscent of the products formed during the cycio cooligomerization of CO2 with alkynes and suggests... 

In all the processes just described, a definite interpretation of the modifying effect of CO2 on the catalytic system cannot be given and further research work must be carried out in this part of CO2 chemistry. Despite the fact (hat the study of CO3 as a co[Pg.210]

The catalytic incorporation of carbon dioxide into alkene derivatives remains an interesting goal in CO2 chemistry, and in the present study, we wish to examine the influence of the perfluoroalkyl (Rp) chain (Rp = CnF2n+l) on the electrocarboxylation of a double bond, as well as on that of other perfluoroalkyl iodo derivatives. 

One technological option that may contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions is COj control and CO2 chemistry [1]. 

B. Eliasson, CO2 Chemistry An Option for CO2 Emission Control , C.-M. Pradier, J.-P. Pradier (Ed.), Carbon Dioxide Chemistry Environmental Issues, Stockholm (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994). 

Thermodynamic equilibria of CO2 related species in aqueous media are important in CO2 chemistry, and are summarized briefly as follows. An equilibrium of gaseous CO2 with HCO3 is... 

The profound consequences of controlled culture experiments for palaeoceanographic interpretations were widely recognized in 1997, when Spero and coworkers demonstrated that the seawater carbonate chemistry significantly affects and 8 0 in planktonic foraminifera (Spero et al. 1997 Bijma et al. 1999). This phenomenon has been referred to as the carbonate ion effect . While palaeoceanogra-phers had long been aware that temperature and seawater 8 0 affect foraminiferal 8 0 (Emiliani 1955 Shackleton 1967), another important player, the ocean s CO2 chemistry, had to be added to the... 

A great deal of our recent efforts has been focused on developing a comprehensive theory of stable isotope fractionation in foraminifera, focusing on the elements of carbon, oxygen and boron. While the inorganic CO2 chemistry and isotope... 

Reliable proxies for the ocean s CO2 chemistry are of utmost importance because they can provide information about past atmospheric CO2 concentrations and clues to the causes of carbon cycle variations. In turn, such information is crucial to comprehending feedbacks of Earth s climate... 

A further area of major future potential is CO2 chemistry. The chemical exploitation of the huge quantities of CO2 that are released into the atmosphere is of great interest. Although many CO2 complexes of transition metals and model reactions are already known, so far none has been introduced into industry. The main reactions investigated up to now are the reaction of CO2 with alcohols and olefins to give esters and lactones and the reduction of CO2 to CO. 

Aresta M (2010) CO2 enzymatic carhoxylation and reduction to methanol. International Scientific Forum on CO2 chemistry and biochemistry, CO2 Challenge Forum, Lyon... 

The conversion of CO2 into added-value products (chemicals, materials, fuels) is today one of the most widespread research themes, and the scientific literature presents a large number of reviews, papers and books that disclose the CO2 chemistry or, in general, utilization. Industry is also much involved, as witnessed by the ever growing number of industrial patents and new processes. 

Gardner, D.S.J. (1982) Indust, scale hop extn. with liquid CO2, Chemistry and Industry (London), 12, 402. 

Opportunities for alternative raw materials applying homogeneous transition metal catalysis can be seen in synthesis gas chemistry, alkane chemistry, and CO2 chemistry. 

Table 1.2 Energy of formation of some chemicals relevant to CO2 chemistry [18]...

K.A. Keets, E.B. Cole, A.J. Morris, N. Sivasankar, K. Teamey, P.S. Lakkaraju and A.B. Bocarsly, Analysis of pyridinium catalyzed electrochemical and photoelec-trochemical reduction of CO2 Chemistry and economic impact, Ind. J. Chem. A, 51, 2012,1284-1297. 

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