Clusters in Catalysis

The first chronological appearance of clusters in catalysis is their use as models for heterogeneous catalysts. More precisely, it was found that polynuclear metal complexes such as transition-metal clusters can act as soluble models for supported metallic particles, that are much more complicated to study. Clusters can be isolated and characterized by the classical methods of preparative chemistry. They show typical characteristics of metal surfaces, such as polycentric ligand-metal bonds and delocalized metal-metal bonds. The use of metal clusters as models for the surface of catalysts was named by Muetterties the duster-surface analogy [10]. The first development in this area of research was mainly structural, and consisted in investigating the interaction 

Ligand shell protective layer, allows to tune properties such as solubility 

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B. C. Gates, L. Guczi, and H. Kmtzioger, eds.. Metal Clusters in Catalysis, Elsevier Science Pubhshers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1986. 

Volu me 28 New Developments in Zeolite Science and Technology. Proceedings of the 7th International Zeolite Conference, Tokyo, August 17-22,1986 edited by Y. Murakami, A. lijima and J.W. Ward Volume 29 Metal Clusters in Catalysis... 

B.C.Gates, L.Guczi and H.Knozinger (eds.). Metal Cluster in Catalysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986. 

Z. C. Zhang, J. Hare, and B. Beard, Basicity of nanosized noble metal clusters in catalysis, 13th Int. Congr. Catalysis, Paris Abstract, 2-017 (2004). 

In the area of technological application there are two major topics the (real or postulated) involvement of metal atom clusters in catalysis and the remarkable superconducting properties of the Chevrel phases. The former topic has been abundantly covered in current review literature (54), although there are cautions to be recognized (55), and will not be further discussed here. Even the Rh2 + complexes have been reported to be catalytically active. Thus, Rh2(02CCF3)i, exhibits catalytic activity, toward cyclopropanation of alkenes with alkyl... 

Gates, B.C. Guczi, L. Knozinger, H., Eds. Metal Clusters in Catalysis Elsevier Amsterdam, 1986. 

Surface-Bound Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Clusters in Catalysis... 

The author is much indebted to Dr. A. Fukuoka, T. Kimura, L. F. Rao, F. -S. Xiao, T. Ito, and T. Fujimoto of the Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Dr. A. Trunschke (Central Institute of Physical Chemistry, Berlin), Dr. S. Muskumal Pillai (Indian Petroleum Institute Co.), and Dr. S. lijima (NEC Central Laboratory) for their efforts and research collaborations in exploring the interesting and exciting field of supported metal clusters in catalysis. The author wishes to express heartily his thanks to Prof. D. F. Shriver, Prof. W. M. H. Sachtler, and, in particular. Prof Herman Pines of the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, for stimulating and helpful discussion to promote this review article. 

R. M. Laine, Symposium on Metal Clusters in Catalysis, American Chemical Society, San Francisco Meeting, August 24-29 (1980). 

One of us has reviewed catalysis by metal clusters through to mid-1979. Emphasis was placed on the potential applications of metal clusters in catalysis and on the problem area of characterization especially as it relates to our knowledge of systems under reaction conditions. The difficulty of estab-hshing beyond reasonable doubt that the catalytically active entity in a given reaction is indeed a cluster compound, and not a product of dissociation or aggregation, was also stressed. We now complement the earlier review by a consideration of subsequent developments and of attempts that have been... 

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