Cloud glass

A good alternative to burning candles is electronic candles — really LED lights that run on rechargeable batteries. The lights flicker just like normal candles and, because they re encased in a clouded glass holder, they still provide something like the cozy atmosphere of real candles. See also entry 167-... 

Since weathering is deterrnined primarily by clouding which changes transmission, a rating for the opal glasses is omitted. At 10 kHz. 

Another nonregenerative drying appHcation for molecular sieves is their use as an adsorbent for water and solvent in dual-pane insulated glass windows. The molecular sieve is loaded into the spacer frame used to separate the panes. Once the window has been sealed, low hydrocarbon and water dew points are maintained within the enclosed space for the lifetime of the unit. Consequently, no condensation or fogging occurs within this space to cloud the window. 

The dielectric constant is a measure of the ease with which charged species in a material can be displaced to form dipoles. There are four primary mechanisms of polarization in glasses (13) electronic, atomic, orientational, and interfacial polarization. Electronic polarization arises from the displacement of electron clouds and is important at optical (ultraviolet) frequencies. At optical frequencies, the dielectric constant of a glass is related to the refractive index k =. Atomic polarization occurs at infrared frequencies and involves the displacement of positive and negative ions. 

On January 16,1966, an explosion occurred after liquefied methane was discharged from a vent. The resulting cloud was ignited. The subsequent explosion resulted in minor structural blast damage. About 75 persons were injured, primarily from glass breakage, and 1 person was killed. 

The third group is the continuum, models, and these are based on simple concepts from classical electromagnetism. It is convenient to divide materials into two classes, electrical conductors and dielectrics. In a conductor such as metallic copper, the conduction electrons are free to move under the influence of an applied electric field. In a dielectric material such as glass, paraffin wax or paper, all the electrons are bound to the molecules as shown schematically in Figure 15.2. The black circles represent nuclei, and the electron clouds are represented as open circles. 

In Britain, Leblanc pollution went uncontrolled for decades. A visitor outside Liverpool, a major Leblanc factory center, described in 1846 a sordid ugly town. The sky is a low-hanging roof of smeary smoke. The atmosphere is a blend of railway tunnel, hospital ward, gas works and open sewer. The features of the place are chimneys, furnaces, steam jets, smoke clouds and coal mines. The products are pills, coal, glass, chemicals, cripples, millionaires and paupers. An estimated 40,000 men, women, and children— many of them Irish escaping the potato famine—worked in British Leblanc factories. Until 1875, workers stirred batches of chemicals in a cloud of hydrochloric acid gas. Their teeth decayed, and their clothing burned. Inhaling deeply could make them faint and vomit. 

The measurements were carried out while increasing the temperature in 0.5 °C increments at intervals of 30 min., using an aqueous solution of the polymers in Pyrex tubes(5 ml volume). Each tube contained a short glass rod which was used to stir the solution after being filled with the polymer solution of 0.05 -2.5 wt %, each tube was evacuated and sealed. The warm up to 70 °C was carried out in a water bath. The cloud point was taken as the temperature at which phase separation was first noted it was compared with the temperature at which the solution first became clear again while cooling. 

A cloud of hydrogen gas is released and subsequently explodes. Glass is shattered 500 ft away. Estimate the quantity of hydrogen gas initially released, assuming that stoichiometric quantities of hydrogen and air explode. 

See also vapour cloud explosions, dust explosion incidents GLASS INCIDENTS... 

As discussed in previous chapters, the phase behavior with changing temperature and pressure may be strongly influenced by small concentration gradients in multi-component systems already. Therefore, experimental control should take this into account. It is a common practice to use reactors with glass or sapphire windows. The transition of an inhomogeneous multiphase system to a homogeneous one can be observed visually as cloud point (Sect. 2.2, with the pressure and temperature values being monitored. 

Wrap a coil of Primacord explosive, sometimes covered with black grease, around the camera observation port window safety glass outside the instrument shelter. Detonation of the explosive coil creates a dense black smoke cloud. This method is usually called a smoke shutter... 

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