Closed-loop cycle demonstrator

The Bench Scale Investigations of the sulfur-iodine cycle include a system which was planned to study the cycle under continuous operation conditions and a smaller unit, the Closed Loop Cycle Demonstrator, aimed at a simple demonstration of the feasibility of the cycle in a closed loop using recycled materials. 

During the first weeks of January, operation of the closed loop cycle demonstrator took place. As a result of the experience... 

CCLC [Cascading Closed-Loop Cycle] A heat recovery system using propane as the working fluid. A commercial demonstration was planned for 2006. See FFGC. 

The R D program included two experimental setups both demonstrating helium as a closed-loop Brayton cycle working fluid [44] ... 

A bench-scale test facility for hydrogen production using the thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) process has been established at JAERI to verify the hydrogen production, to study the conditions for the reactions, and to gain experience for a large-scale plant [74]. The three reactions (see appendix A.2.3.) are performed in separate sections of the apparatus, the Bunsen reaction and the sulfuric acid decomposition at the same time to avoid SO2 storage (see Fig. 4-8). The process requires temperatures of 800 to 900 °C. Its feasibility was successfully demonstrated in a glass, quartz, and teflon lab-scale apparatus. In the course of six cycles completed, the total amounts of H2 and O2 produced were 16.4 1 and 9.9 1, respectively. The thermal efficiency achieved, however, was much smaller than the theoretical one of 47 - 50 % [44]. In late 1997, the continuous operation of the IS process cycle as a closed loop over 48 h resulted in the production of 44.8 1 of H2 [75]. 

Depending on the industry and the complexity of the project, there exists a proliferation of requirements managanent tools that systems engineers may use to allocate requirements and establish traceability. These tools are used to capture source requirements, generate the SRD, and establish requirements traceability matrices (RTMs), which list the traces of requiranents in a top-down and bi-directional path. As the system life cycle matures, inCTeasing effort will be directed toward verification that the demonstrated capability of the systan meets its requirements as expressed in allocated requirements captured in the system specifications. Traceability is achieved when all requirements at a particular level of the system hierarchy have been placed in the Requirements Database, and traced top to bottom as well as in a bi-directional view. Requirements must be traced to the verification program (e.g., plans, procedures, test cases, safety proofs, and reports) to provide closed-loop verification. Traceability should be maintained at aU levels of documentation, as follows ... 

The immobilization of trimeric LHCII is demonstrated in Fig. 13(B). After the nickel ion activation (5), a 1 pM solution of trimeric recombinant LHCII prepared in NaP + DM buffer (20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.1 % (w/v) n-dodecyl-/ -D-maltoside) was introduced into the flow cell (1). For each cycle, the protein solution was incubated in the loop for 30 min, followed by buffer rinse (2), EDTA (3), and SDS (4) regeneration. EDTA was used to competitively chelate the nickel ions and break the linkage between NTA and Histidine. SDS, as mentioned in Section 4.2, was used to detach any remaining physically adsorbed proteins. As shown in Fig. 13(B), the immobilization/regeneration cycles from (1) to (5) can be well reproduced and the baseline after every cycle stabilized at a response close to the starting level. This indicates that the... 

In 1935, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi demonstrated the steps that connected the four four-carbon dicarboxylic acids succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate, and he discovered that these compounds are catalytic (not consumed). However, in 1937 it was Krebs who made the critical finding that citric acid is also catalytic, added four more compounds (Cg and C5 species), and finally closed the loop on the citric acid cycle. 

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