Climate change adaptation

Although mitigation efforts may influence the timing and severity of climate change, adaptation efforts are also necessary. Climate change will lead to inevitable natural hazards, but need not necessarily lead to natural disasters. 

Knowledge Sharing, Consultation, and Research into Sustainable Climate Change Adaptations such as Water Conservation and Safer Structures, e.g., the Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure which studies ... 

Pinkard, E., et al. (2015). A history of forestry management responses to climatic variabiUty their current relevance for developing climatic change adaptation strategies. Forestry, 88, 155-171. 

Figure 1.12 Contribution of petrochemicai poiymers and Ingeo PLA to global climate change (adapted from Vink et al., 2010).

Innocent Nhapi (sanitary and environmental engineering climate change adaptation). Department of Environmental Engineering, Chinhoyi University of Technology (CUT), Chinhoyi... 

Handmer, X Dovers, S. 2013. Handbook of Disaster Policies and Institutions Improving Emergency Management and Climate Change Adaptation, Earthscan from Routledge, 224 pp. 

Intertribal Climate Change Working Group. (2009). A tribal white paper on climate change adaptation and mitigation, http //www4.nau.edu/tribalclimatechange/resources/adaptation. asp reports... 

McDowell, C. (2013) Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Implications for Land Acquisition and Population Relocation Development Policy Review, 31 677-95... 

McEvoy, J., Wilder, M. (2012). Discourse and desalination Potential impacts of proposed climate change adaptation interventions in the Arizona-Sonora border region. Global Environmental Change, 22(2), 353-363. 

IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007 impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Working Group II. Fourth Assessment Report, UNEP... 

Climate Variability, Climate Change, and Climate Adaptation. 67... 

Keywords Adaptation climate change global warming greenhouse effect infrastructure mitigation thermal energy storage weather hazard. 

Climate change is happening. If current climate change is natural, then all we can do is try to adapt. If human activity is causing or contributing to climate change, then mitigation measures can make a difference. 

Exceeding the Current Minimum Requirements of Codes to Adapt to the Latest Understanding of Climate Change. 

Individuals and companies that buy insurance products could be stimulated to address climate change-seeking mechanism to facilitate mitigation of GHG emissions and adaptation to the inevitable impacts of climate change [16]. In addition, the insurance companies themselves are motivated to take significant actions to mitigate GHG emissions and increase adaptive capacity to reduce overall uncertainty and other barriers to insurability and are also motivated to limit the insurers potential exposure to catastrophic risks in excess of their capacity to avoid the potential for property and liability claims in excess. 

The insurance industry is also developing new products that would have the consequences to stimulate the adaptation to climate change. On the one hand, products help to create the conditions for active adaptation to build physically resilient communities on the other hand, products provide capital and liquidity to help communities to cope with losses caused by climate change catastrophes. 

Insurance products can be designed in a way for which simply their price reflects the level of climate change-related risk assumed by the insurer. These products, rewarding behavior that reduces risk of financial losses, encourage adaptive behavior. For example, insurance products that incorporate these features provide a premium discounts on property insurance for climate-resilient commercial or residential buildings. 

The second kind of insurance products that stimulate adaptation is based on the availability of capital to cope with catastrophes. These are financial arrangements intended to bring needed capital that will reduce the risk that could derive from future climate-related hazards for those who are most likely to be in peril. These products can be defined as adaptation oriented because they help to build the capacity of nations, communities, and businesses to cope with climate change impacts. 

Agrawala S, Fankhauser S. Economics Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change. Paris OECD 2008. 

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