Clear Formats

Clear formation of ketene—zirconocene complexes upon treatment of acylzirconocene chlorides with a hindered amide base indicates that the carbonyl group of the acylzirconocene chloride possesses usual carbonyl polarization (Scheme 5.10). However, these zirconocene—ketene complexes are exceptionally inert due to the formation of strongly bound dimers [13a], Conversion of the dimer to zirconocene—ketene—alkylaluminum complexes by treating with alkylaluminum and reaction with excess acetylene in toluene at 25 °C has been reported to give a cyclic enolate in quantitative yield. Although the ketene—zirconocene—alkylaluminum complex reacts cleanly with acetylene, it does not react with ethylene or substituted acetylenes [13b]. Thus, the complex has met with limited success as a reagent in organic synthesis. 

Clearly, formation of the methyloxonium ion can operate only to reduce the nucleophilic reactivity of methanol toward the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. 

Attempts to purify 88 via column chromatography on silica gel or alumina led to a reaction on the column support to produce a new complex 95, whose structure is shown in Fig. 13 (151). Clearly, formation of 95 from 88 involves... 

Examination of beer includes, in addition to observation of its external characters (smell, taste, colour, clearness, formation and retention of froth or head ), determinations of the essential components and of any substances formed by alteration of the beer itself or added as adulterants. 

Neural stem cells are known for their sensitivity to the environment. Jan and Kotov reported the differentiation of mouse embryonic neural stem cells on SWNT-polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films [poly(ethylene imine) PEI/SWNT, six layers], which were assembled layer by layer.111 The cells were successfully differentiated to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes with a clear formation of neurites. Compared to the widely used poly(L-ornithine) (PLO) substrates, the six-layer PEI/ SWNT thin films exhibited similar properties in terms of biocompatibihty, neurites outgrowth, and the expression of neural markers.111... 

Another common similarity between the CdS-(GSH) and ZnS-(GSH) nanoparticles was the ability to photoreduce methylviologen and /j-nitrophenol (PNP) in solution. Under an inert atmosphere, reduction was evident from the clear formation of the characteristic spectrum of reduced methylviologen. P-nitrophenol was similar in that an optimal reduction occurred when the ratio of PNP to nanocrystal was approximately five to ten. In fact, when the ratio was higher, a decreased reduction rate was evident. Over time, complete reduction of the PNP occurred. ... 

Table 1.18 shows the calculated values of A iocn/ 39 at temperatures between 600 K and 1200 K. Clearly formation of the oxetane, DMO, predominates below 800 K, and although A iocn/ 39 is well below unity at 1200 K, RO2 and QOOH chemistry is not important at this temperature as the equilibrium R -I- O2 RO2 greatly favours R radicals. Cyclization and C—C homolysis are also apparent in the chemistry of CH3CH(00H)CH2CH2 radicals... 

To remove only formatting from a cell, use the Clear Formats button See Chapter 19 for instructions on how to make these buttons available. 

Dye 5 is an especially interesting case. It differs only trivially from dye 4 in molecular length and weight, and both dyes are planar or nearly so. One wishes that we had a better understanding of the clear formation of a double sheet of close-packed molecules by dye 5. It would be a really striking improvement in the whole art of dye sensitization if we could even get efficient sensitization from a close-packed bilayer. But here we confront the deficiencies of classical surface measurements. We... 

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Clear formation of the MC complex also resulted when adding pyruvate to the inner loop Elec variants (Figure S). Especially important support for the claim that the MC was indeed being detected is provided by kinetic measurements both stopped-flow photodiode array (PDA) spectra in the absorption mode, and... 

Clearly, formation of polymers requires the availability of a bifunctional ketene acetal. One diketene acetal that has been described is 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-1,3-butadiene which can be prepared by the multistep synthesis shown in Scheme 5 [22],... 

In connection with partial synthesis in the ring-E-seco alkaloids and the heteroyohimbine group, several Nb-oxides have been prepared. Dihydrocory-nantheine, on oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, affords two epimeric Nb-oxides whereas its pseudo isomer, hirsutine, gives only one. Desmethyl-hirsuteine Nb-oxide (91), when treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride in methylene chloride, undergoes the Polonovski reaction reduction of the product by means of buffered sodium cyanoborohydride then affords a mixture of desmethylcorynantheine (92), 3-i5o-rauniticine (93), and akuammigine (94) (Scheme 12). Clearly, formation of an immonium ion can occur in the Polonovski reaction either towards C-3 [- (95)], which results in the ultimate epimeriza-... 

Poly(vinylbenzyl abietate) in the film state is cross-linkable via photo-dimerization of the conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds of the abietic acid moieties [166]. What the photo-dimerization product looks like is not clear. Formation of a cyclobutane rings in photo-dimerization of steroids was represented as follows [166] ... 

Clearly, formation of polymers requires the use of a diketene acetal. Early work with this polymer system w as based on the reaction of the diketene acetal 3,9-bis(methylene) 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5] undecane and 1,6-hexanediol as shown in Scheme 4 (Heller et al., 1980). 

It is relatively straightforward to produce a report, as long as the writer keeps to a clear format. Using the format described here, it should be possible to tell the reader as clearly as possible ... 

Templates should be designed for all these requirement aspects so that requirements are displayed in a clear format. This avoids wrong interpretations and ensures the consistencies with the architecture. Specification in natural language doesn t mean that all lists of characteristics need to be formulated in verbal sentences. Semi-formal methods are better suited particularly for technical behavior and are clearer and less unmistakable than well-formulated sentences. In a well-structured architecture a lot of requirements are automatically derived from the architecture because of such templates. Or the essential content can be formulated in advance through the definition of keywords so that only parameters or certain characteristics need to be added. All signal flows or data flow aspects need to be consistent with the architecture, meaning that if these requirements are automatically derived from the architecture, a good level of consistency can be expected. 

There will be one or more logical sequences of events leading to the hazard. These must be recorded in a clear format. Fault trees are the best medium to use. 

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