1 Classification reactions Phenols

The imides, primaiy and secondary nitro compounds, oximes and sulphon amides of Solubility Group III are weakly acidic nitrogen compounds they cannot be titrated satisfactorily with a standard alkaU nor do they exhibit the reactions characteristic of phenols. The neutral nitrogen compounds of Solubility Group VII include tertiary nitro compounds amides (simple and substituted) derivatives of aldehydes and ketones (hydrazones, semlcarb-azones, ete.) nitriles nitroso, azo, hydrazo and other Intermediate reduction products of aromatic nitro compounds. All the above nitrogen compounds, and also the sulphonamides of Solubility Group VII, respond, with few exceptions, to the same classification reactions (reduction and hydrolysis) and hence will be considered together. 

Raw Materials Base-Catalyzed Reactions Acid-Catalyzed Reactions Classification of Phenolic Resins Unsubstituted and Heat Reactive Unsubstituted and Nonheat Reactive Substituted and Heat Reactive Substituted and Nonheat Reactive Applications... 

The most characteristic reaction of butadiene catalyzed by palladium catalysts is the dimerization with incorporation of various nucleophiles [Eq. (11)]. The main product of this telomerization reaction is the 8-substituted 1,6-octadiene, 17. Also, 3-substituted 1,7-octadiene, 18, is formed as a minor product. So far, the following nucleophiles are known to react with butadiene to form corresponding telomers water, carboxylic acids, primary and secondary alcohols, phenols, ammonia, primary and secondary amines, enamines, active methylene compounds activated by two electron-attracting groups, and nitroalkanes. Some of these nucleophiles are known to react oxidatively with simple olefins in the presence of Pd2+ salts. Carbon monoxide and hydrosilanes also take part in the telomerization. The telomerization reactions are surveyed based on the classification by the nucleophiles. 

It should not be taken for granted that all polymers that are defined as condensation polymers by Carothers classification will also be so defined by a consideration of the polymer chain structure. Some condensation polymers do not contain functional groups such as ester or amide in the polymer chain. An example is the phenol-formaldehyde polymers produced by the reaction of phenol (or substituted phenols) with formaldehyde... 

ACGIH TLV TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The dust is an irritant by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Highly exothermic polymerization reactions with alkenes. Incompatible with nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene + phenol. Highly exothermic reaction with water or steam produces toxic ftimes of HCl. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidi2er SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Ingestion of large quantities may cause gastroenteritis. Chronic exposure can cause anemia, nephritis, and methemoglobinemia. When heated, reaction with calcium hydroxide + polychlorinated phenols forms extremely toxic chlorinated benzodioxins. 

CAS 68610-51-5 EINECS/ELINCS 271-867-2 Synonyms p-Cresol dicyclopentadiene butylated polymer 4-Methyl phenol reaction product with dicyclopentadiene and isobutylene Classification Sterically hindered phenol Definition Butylated reaction prod, of p-cresol and dicyclopentadiene Properties Off-wh. to tan powd. sol. in acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methylene chloride, llq. phosphites insol. in water m.w. 600-700 dens. 1.10 flash pt. (COC) 215 C... 

Synonyms Resorcinol-formaldehyde latex Resorcinol resin Classification Phenol-formaldehyde resin Definition Thermosetting prepolymer cured by reaction with paraformaldehyde... 

The use of small, soluble substrates allows the determination of kinetic constants, giving some information on the affinity (from Km values) and catalytic efficiency (kcat Vmax / m)- Substrates in question are effectively two components joined by an ester bond the phenolic component and the sugar moiety. Specificity for both of these components defines the overall catalytic rate of the reaction. The selectivity for each component gives important information for the classification on feruloyl esterases (12). 

Classification Sterically hindered phenol Definition Butylated reaction prod, of p-cresol and dicyclopentadiene... 

Classification Thermoplastic polyamide Definition Polymeric amide formed by the reaction of adipic acid with hexylenediamine Empihcai (Ci2H22N202)x Formula [NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]n Properties Cryst. solid sol. in phenol, cresols, xylene, formic acid insol. in alcohol, esters, ketones, hydrocarbons dens. 1.090 m.p. 264 C tens. str. 80 MPa tens. mod. 3000 MPa elong. 

Synonyms Formaldehyde, phenol polymer Formaldehyde, polymer with paraformaldehyde and phenol Paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, phenol polymer Paraformaldehyde, phenol polymer Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Phenol, formaldehyde polymer Phenol, polymer with formaldehyde Phenol, polymer with paraformaldehyde Classification Thermosetting polymer Definition Reaction prod, of phenol with aq. 37-50% formaldehyde with basic catalyst chief class of phenolic resin Formula (CeHeO (CH20)x)x Properties Gray to bik., hard, infusible solid when cured resist, to moisture, soivs., heat to 200 C dimensionally stable good elec, resist. noncombustible... 

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