Cladosporium spp

Cladosporium isolates are rapid growing, velvety or cottony, and usually some shade of olive gray to olive brown or black. From the 

bantianum and C. carrionii are morphologically similar. C. carrionii can be distinguished from C. bantianum by its slower growth rate, shorter conidia (2 to 3 by 4 to 5 /rm versus 2 to 2.5 by 4 to 7 /im, with some being 3 by 15 to 20 tm), dermotropic nature in contrast to the neurotropic nature of C. bantianum, and maximum growth temperature of 35 to 36°C compared with 42 to 43°C for C. bantianum. Both of these species may form long chains of blastoconidia. C. carrionii can hydrolyze casein and starch, whereas C. bantianum apparently does not have this ability. 

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Packaging materials which have a smooth, impervious surface, free fi cm crevices or interstices, such as cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly vinylchloride, and metal foils and laminates, all have a low surface microbial count. Cardboard and paperboard, unless treated, carry mould spores of Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp. md Penicillium spp. and bacteria such 2 Bacillus spp. sn.dMicrococcus spp. 

If any filters or straining bags made firm natural materials such as canvas, muslin or paper are used, care must be taken to ensure that they are cleaned and sterilized regularly to prevent the growth of moulds such as Cladosporium spp., Stachybotrys spp., ardAureobasidium (Pullularia)pullulans, which utilize cellulose and would impair them. 

There may be as great as a 1,000-fold variation in bacterial counts from leaf to leaf assayed from apparently similar leaves in similar canopy positions at the same sampling period (35,100). Most data sets obtained from plate counts of bean and corn leaves are described by a log normal distribution, indicating that on individual leaves or leaHets the spatial distribution of bacterial cells are not uniform within a canopy (35,100). A log normal distribution tends to reflect the fact that chance effects of random variables are acting on a large and diverse collection of objects (in this case bacteria). Interestingly, a similar study on wheat leaves indicated that bacterial counts were best described by a log normal distribution, but counts of yeasts (mainly Cryptococcus spp. and Sporobolomyces spp.) and Cladosporium spp. colonies appeared normally distributed (101). Much more work needs to be done, particularly with regard to host, host age, environmental factors, and position of the sample within a canopy, before the spatial distribution of these microbes can adequately be described. 

Trichoderma viride Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Cladosporium spp. Paecilomyces varioti Monilliaceae Fusarium spp. 

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