Civil protection responsibilities

The main responsible Italian authorities are the Ministry of the Environment (prevention) Ministry of Defence for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (response) Ministry of Health (urgent medical care) and Ministry of the Interior (for transport issues). 

DG XI (responsible for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection including Notification, Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances and Preparations)... 

The questionnaire also included questions regarding the respondents knowledge of alerts (meteorological and civil protection), their response to those alerts, and their opinion on how adequate or inadequate the mass media coverage of natural and technological hazards is. Finally, a group of Likert-type scales that focused on the respondents trust level in... 

On a merely descriptive basis, while 69.6% of the respondents are aware of the alerts issued by the National Weather Service, only 40.5% know of the ones issued by the National Civd Protection, and a mere 20.1% know of the alerts by the Municipal Civil Protection. Conversely, the response to the alerts is higher to the alerts issued by the civil protection (63.4%) than to those issued by the Weather service (50.0%). 

Through their responses to questions 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7, most of the participants revealed that they did not take part of an exercise of this nature (75%). 87% have never used a fire extinguisher, and 94% have never attended a course on civil protection. Question 1.8 was related to emergency phones. Everyone knew the National. 

Part 1 focuses on local arrangements for civil protection, including the statutory framework of roles and responsibilities for local responders. 

The time, cost, complexity and specialised nature of the procedures required to obtain patent protection, and also the need for the patent owner to take the responsibility for policing infringements by bringing cases in the civil courts, act as disincentives to potential patentees particularly if they are individuals or small companies with very limited resources. 

The Medicines Commission also includes four civil servants (pharmacists) with an advisory capacity the inspector general of pharmacies the director of the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology a pharmacist designated by the minister responsible for social security and the inspector general of the Radiation Protection Division (for radiopharmaceuticals and medicincil products treated with ionizing radiation). These civil servants can also be represented by their deputies. 

Whatever the nonlinear process involved, the metal/dielectric nanocomposites have been often inquired into for their optical limiting (OL) properties [120, 123, 124, 140-150], owing to the important stake that such a functionality represents for civil and military applications in human eye or detector protection. Indeed, as for telecom applications, metal nanoparticles present the advantages of both intense and fast nonlinear response. 

It is in this framework that the need for open discussion of the nation s policy toward protection of its people against radioactive fallout and against chemical and biological weapons effects must be placed. This is the only way our democracy can work. It will then be possible to judge better what to do and how to do it. Let America carry the terrible responsibility of preserving civilization in our times, that fate has placed upon her with a fully informed citizenry, educated by responsible discussion of the broad issues of war and peace, of survival and annihilation. 

A small-scale operation of this type was conducted during the Asian influenza threat (1957-1958). At first, it seemed like an almost insurmountable task. How to alert, inform, and protect 180,000,000 people from a disease that might occur within the next several months How to meet the many technical problems of the detection and isolation of the virus, the type and potency of a vaccine, the mass preparation of vaccine, the orderly distribution of vaccine, the adoption of priorities for vaccination The medical and health professions had to be given scientific information concerning the threat and its characteristics. The public had to be alerted and informed. Many of us working in the fields of civil defense and aware of the small public response to our best efforts looked askance at the Asian influenza challenge. Perhaps the smallness of the groups that came for instruction in civil defense in spite of best efforts chilled our ardor for the task ahead. 

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