Civet

Orienta.lFa.mily. In these perfumes, a mossy, woody, and spicy accord combines with the sweetness of vanilla or balsam and is accented with animal notes such as amber, civet, and musk. The most important floral accords used are rose and jasmine. 

The principal thing in connection with the employment of ionone is to discover its proper degree of dilution. In its natural state the body is so highly concentrated as scarcely to remind one of violets. This is the reason why it was placed in trade in the form of a 10 per cent, solution, and not in its pure state. This form has proved an exceedingly useful one. In using it for extracts, powders, sachets, etc., the solution must be further diluted and fixed with some orris oil, civet, and musk. ... 

Sack has recently isolated a ketone from natural civet. The civet was boiled for some hours with alcoholic potash, the alcohol evaporated and the residue extracted, with ether. The residue left on evaporating the ether was distilled with steam to remove skatole, again extracted with ether, the ether evaporated and the residue dissolved in alcohol. The alcohol was evaporated, and the residual ketone purified by conversion into its semi-carbazone, from which it was regenerated. It has the formula CjjHggO, and its characters are as follows —... 

It is found in civet and in the wood of Celtis reticulosa. It forms crystals melting at 95° and boiling at 265° to 266°. It yields a hydrochloride, 2(C9HgN). HCl, melting at 167° 10 168°, and a picric acid compound melting at 172° to 173°. Skatol yields a blue colour with a solution of dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde. 

Ester (1) is a perfumery compound from civet cats. What factor favours a stereoselective synthesis ... 

Used industrially as a fixative for perfumes, artificial civet, food additive (flavoring), and medication. 

A relatively dilute alcoholic extract of natural raw materials in which the solvent is left (in part) as a diluent, e.g. Civet tincture. 

French MR, Bababunmi EA, Golding RR et al. 1974. The conjugation of phenol, benzoic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid and sulfadimethoxine in the lion, civet, and genet. FEBS Lett 46 134-137. 

And all your courtly civet cats can vent. Perfume to you, to me is excrement. 

Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination... 

The classical scent of the sea is afforded by ambergris, which is also the best fixative for perfumes. Once secured from whales, ambergris can now be legally provided by chemical synthesis (Science whaling 2000). Other fixatives are obtained from land animals, such as castoreum, civet, and musk. The first one is a phenolic substance and the latter two macrocyclic ketones that have stimulated the earfy methodologies for the synthesis of macrocyclic conqjoimds... 

Civet civetone / polyket. Q ° civetone civet cat, Civettictis [= Viverra] civetta (Schreber, 1776), Mamm./fixative in expensive perfumery trtal synthesis... 

Preservation of natural products from the animals is more difficult. Zoos remain living stores of animals that, like the civet cat and the amphibians, give unusual metabolites. Aquaria might serve the same scope for marine invertebrates. However, many productive species, such as the sponges and the anthozoans, do not survive long in aquaria. 

Ketones are most widely represented and include cyclopentanone derivatives, such as the jasmin fragrance substances, and cyclic ketones with 15-17-membered carbon rings, such as muscone and civetone, which are constituents of the extremely expensive animal products, musk and civet. Cyclopentadecanone, a natural musk fragrance, and the unsaturated 5-cyclohexadecen-l-one, which has not yet been found in nature, have odor characteristics similar to those of muscone and civetone and are more easily synthesized. They are, therefore, often used as substitutes. 

Civet is a glandular secretion produced by both sexes of the civet cat (Viverridae). Two species are known Civetticitis civetta that inhabits Ethiopia, and Viverra zibetha that is found in India and southeast Asia. 

The animals are kept in cages, and the fresh secretion is taken from the pouches at regular (about one-week) intervals. Civet is almost liquid with a light yellow color. It darkens when exposed to light and takes on a consistency like salve. In dilutions (e.g., as an alcoholic tincture), civet has a pleasant, sweetish odor. A resinoid prepared by extraction with acetone is a dark brown-red mass [257]. Civetone (see p. 88) is the main odoriferous constituent of civet (2.5-3.4%). Civet contains other macrocyclic ketones such as cyclohexa- and cycloheptadecanone and 6-cw-cycloheptadecenone. Traces of indole and skatole contribute to the animal note [258]. 

Civet has a distinctly different odor from musk and was formerly a versatile ingredient of fine fragrances. FCT 1974 (12) p. 863 [68991-27-5]. 

Civet, see Animal secretions. Clary sage oil, see Sage oils. 

Essential oils occur mainly in aromatic plants. A few of them are found in animal sources, e.g. musk, civet and sperm whale, or are produced by microorganisms [1, 3, 6, 23, 25, 26, 29-33]. The Council of Europe describes essential oil as a product obtained from vegetable raw material [27]. Owing to a ban on animal-based flavour and fragrance materials, essential oils of trade are entirely of plant origin... 

Marcone, M.F. (2004) Composition and properties of Indonesian palm civet coffee (Kopi Lu-wak) and Ethiopian civet coffee. Food Res. Int. 37 901-912. 

Musks are important ingredients of fragrance formulations, but almost all the musks used are polycyclic aromatics produced chemically from petrochemi-cally derived raw materials. Naturally occurring musks include the macrocyclic lactones found in some plants, such as ambrette seedoil and galbanum, and the keto musks produced by some animals, such as musk deer and civet cats. 

Animal Substances.—The perfume-materials of this class are only threo, and each is an animal secretion namely, musk, civet, and ambergris. 

Jocteey-club Bouquet.—Extraits de rose et tubdreuse, each one pint extrait de caesie, half a pint extrait de jasmin, four ounces tiocture of civet, three ounces. Mix and filter. 

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