Circling rat

Bennett BA, Freed CR (1986) Mobilization of storage pool dopamine and late ipsilateral augmentation of striatal dopamine synthesis in the trained circling rat. J Neurochem 47 472 176. 

Fedrowitz M, Potschka H, Richter A, Loscher W (2000) A microdialysis study of striatal dopamine release in the circling rat, a genetic animal model with spontaneous lateralized rotational behavior. Neuroscience 97 69-77. 

Yamamoto BK, Freed CR (1982) The trained circling rat a model for inducing unilateral caudate dopamine metabolism. Nature 298 467-468. 

Yamamoto BK, Freed CR (1984) Asymmetric dopamine and serotonin metabolism in nigrostriatal and limbic structures of the trained circling rat. Brain Res 297 115-119. 

FIGURE 6.6 Schilcl regression for pirenzepine antagonism of rat tracheal responses to carbachol. (a) Dose-response curves to carbachol in the absence (open circles, n = 20) and presence of pirenzepine 300 nM (filled squares, n = 4), 1 jjM (open diamonds, n=4), 3j.lM (filled inverted triangles, n = 6), and 10j.iM (open triangles, n = 6). Data fit to functions of constant maximum and slope, (b) Schild plot for antagonism shown in panel A. Ordinates Log (DR-1) values. Abscissae logarithms of molar concentrations of pirenzepine. Dotted line shows best line linear plot. Slope = 1.1 + 0.2 95% confidence limits = 0.9 to 1.15. Solid line is the best fit line with linear slope. pKB = 6.92. Redrawn from [5],... 

FIGURE 9.14 Effects of adenosine receptor agonist 2-chloro-adenosine on vascular perfusion pressure of isolated perfused rat kidneys. Minor effects seen in untreated kidneys (filled circles) and pronounced vasoconstriction while vasodilatation in kidneys coperfused with subthreshold concentrations of a-adrenoceptor vasoconstrictor methoxamine and vasodilatatory activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin (open circles). Redrawn from [49]. 

Torn wall M, Mannisto PT (1993) The effect of three types of COMT inhibitors on L-dopa-induced circling behaviour in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 250 77-84... 

NOAEL In this example, 18r NOAEL is the critical end point for which an intermediate inhalation exposure MRL is based. As you can see from the LSE figure key, the open-circle symbol indicates to a NOAEL for the test species-rat. The key number 18 corresponds to the entry in the LSE table. The dashed descending arrow indicates the extrapolation from the exposure level of 3 ppm (see entry 18 in the Table) to the MRL of 0.005 ppm (see footnote "b" in the LSE table). 

FIGURE 8.10 H2S consumption in rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Accumulated data from several experiments showing RASMC H2S consumption rates (filled circles and squares) as a function of H2S concentration, compared to H2S oxidation rates in solution without cells (open circles and squares). Heat-inactivated RASMC H2S consumption rates (open plus symbols) were equivalent to background rates without cells. Inset Representative PHSS traces showing stepwise additions of Na2S stock, at arrows, in the presence (thin line) and absence (thick line) of RASMCs (after [41]). 

Figure 14.2 Phase contrast microscopic images of conditionally immortalized cells forming the inner blood-retinal barrier (A) and time-course of [3H] adenosine uptake by TR-iBRB cells (B). A Conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line TR-iBRB, retinal pericyte cell line TR-rPCT and Muller cell line TR-MUL. B The [ H]adenosine (14 nM) uptake was performed at 37°C in the presence (closed circle) or absence (open circle) of Na+.

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