Circadian rhythm body function

The dose and frequency of administration required to achieve effective therapeutic blood and tissue levels vary in different patients because of individual differences in drug distribution and rates of drug metabolism and elimination. These differences are determined by genetic factors and nongenetic variables, such as age, sex, liver size, liver function, circadian rhythm, body temperature, and nutritional and environmental factors such as concomitant exposure to inducers or inhibitors of drug metabolism. The discussion that follows summarizes the most important of these variables. 

Serotonin and melatonin are evidently involved in maintenance of the 24-h circadian rhythm of the body (see Section 13).792/792a Melatonin regulates the sexual cycle in photoperiodic animals and influences the onset of puberty.792-794 The serotonin content of the brain is influenced by the diet, being higher after a meal rich in carbohydrates. Serotonin may serve as a chemical message sent from one set of neurons to the rest of the brain, reporting on the nature of dietary intake.784 Melatonin, which can readily form free radicals, may function as part of the body s antioxidant system.795 796... 

Potentized homeopathic medicines have preferential action on sides of the body some are more effective on one side than on the other. This differential effect of the medicines with respect to laterality can be traced to functional asymmetry of the human brain. The brain can asymmetrically modulate nurochemical, neuroendocrine and immune reactivity. Potentized drugs are very often selected on the basis of time modalities of symptoms of a disease. The time modalities of the drug action can be correlated with the internal clock or biological rhythms of organisms which are disturbed in diseased conditions. Melatonin, secreted in the brain, has marked influence on the circadian rhythms. 

The dependence of several diseases and body function on circadian rhythms is well known. A genetic control... 

The serum creatinine concentration (Scr) or the reciprocal of Scr versus time should be used with caution to estimate the rate of decline in renal function in CKD patients, as these indices do not consider patient age, lean body mass, gender, diet, concomitant diseases and drug therapy, circadian rhythm, stability of kidney function, tubular secretion of creatinine, or analytic method. 

Hormones transmit information from one body site to another. Transported in the bloodstream, the hormone secreted by an endocrine gland will activate biochemical processes in various "target" cells in the body that have specific reception for that hormone. Practically all hormonal secretions exhibit circadian rhythms [8], Consequently, the plasma concentration of a hormone has a peak at a characteristic time of day and a trough at another. The circadian timing system uses circadian rhythms in plasma hormone levels to transmit temporal information and ensure the internal synchronization of the multitude of rhythmic functions in various body tissues. Several researchers have shown that aberrations in circadian rhythm timing of hormones can be viewed as a biological dy sfunction[9,10,11 ]. 

Biologically, humans are day-oriented. We function better during the day and sleep better at night. Our circadian rhythms have regular ups and downs in a 24-hoiir day and they try to synchronize body functions with behavior. Typically, body functions are high during the day and low at night. 

Brain structure below the thalamus and main portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon, controlling homeostatic and nonhomeostatic basic body and brain functions, including circadian and feeding rhythms, energy metabolism, thermogenesis, sympathoadrenal, and neuroendocrine outflow (secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland), behavioral state and memory functions. 

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