1,8-Cineole rosemary

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) Bomeol, cineole, camphene... 

Cineol, terpineol, pinene, valeraldehyde, benzaldehyde (small amount) Oil of turpentine, oil of rosemary, essence of camphor may contain traces of Cu... 

There are three principal chemotypes verbenone, 1,8-cineole and cam-phor-borneol. These are examples of variation due to the climate they are grown in and are also called cultivars. The names of the cultivars are not Latinized and appear after the species name, often within quotation marks. For example, Lavandula angustifolia Maillette is a type of lavender named after its originator. For rosemary the cultivars are named after their country of origin. As a consequence of this, the verbenone is also called French, the 1,8-cineole is called Tunisian and the camphor-borneol is called Spanish. A comparison of these in terms of their amounts of main components is shown in Table 7.2. 

The rosemary extracts were collected as separate samples succesively in time. Each of them was analysed separatively and the results are listed in Table 4. The concentrations of a-pinene, champhene, p-cimene and limonene decreased with extraction time, while that of the oxygeneted derivatives (cineol, linalool, camphor, bomeol and verbenon) increased significantly. 

Both an aqueous phase and an oily phase (including waxes and essential oils) were extracted from the herbs. These were collected separately as described in the next section. The essential oils in the oily extract were camphor, verbenone, P-myrcene, 1,8 cineole and limonene for Rosemary and thymol, geraniol and geranyl acetate,carvocrol and borneol for Thyme. 

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 1,8-Cineole, (+)-camphor (42), (-)-borneol (43) 95,100... 

Composition Up to 55% 1,8-cineole, camphor, bomeol and its acetate, a-terpineol, terpinene-4-ol, linalool, verbenone, 3-octanone and terpene hydrocarbons. For detailed analyses see e.g. [254, 255, 256[. Even if different chemotypes of rosemary exist, only two qualities are of commercial interest (ISO and European Pharmacopoeia give almost identical specifications) ... 

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Rosemary is an exotic or introduced plant in Kenya whose native origin is southern Europe particularly the coastal regions of the Mediterranean Sea. The semi-dried leaves of rosemary grown in Kenya yielded 2.0 % of oil which contained mainly of 1,8-cineole and geranyl acetate (33). Teuscher has reported that the main constituents of rosemary oil... 

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Leaves SD 2.0 1,8-cineole, geranyl acetate 33,34... 

ROSEMARY The spice rosemary, Rosmarini folium, is the dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L, family Lamiaceae, which is an evergreen shrub in the Mediterranean region. The leaves contain volatile oil, Rosmarini aetheroleum (1-2.5%) with a- and j -pinene, cineole, borneol and camphor (10-20% of the oil). 

Camphene, a- Rosemary plant, P-Pinene, Cineole, and spruce needles Camphor, Bomeol, Bomyl Acetate, Humulene Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamon Coumarin, C15H24 Isomers Limonene, a- Orange peel P-Pinene, C15H24 Limonene, Menthol, Chewing gum Isomenthone, Carvone, Menthone, C15H24 45 0.90 300... 

Found in eucalyptus essential oil, cineole (88) is also found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) [127], cardamom (Elettaria) [133], sage (Salvia) [126], Laurus nobilis [143], Alphinia speciosa [144], Aegle marmelos [145], Heteropyxis natalensis [146], Jasonia candicans, and J. montana [147]. It is active in the inhibition of fungi [118,133,143,145] but is reported to be inactive against the Gram positive bacteria S. aureus [148],... 

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 1,8-cineole, camphor, a-pinene Sitophilus oryzae Tetranychus urticae [11,15-16]... 

Myrtaceae (myrtle), and Rutaceae (citrus) plant families. Table 1 provides examples of a few of the better known essential oils, the plants from which they are derived, and the major constituents found in each of these oils. It is important to note that the composition of these oils can vary dramatically, even within species. Factors impacting the composition include the part of the plant from which the oil is extracted (i.e., leaf tissue, fruits, stem, etc.), the phenological state of the plant, the season, the climate, the soil type, and other factors. As an example, rosemary oil collected from plants in two areas of Italy were demonstrated to vary widely in the concentrations of two major constituents, 1,8-cineole (7% to 55%) and a-pinene (11% to 30%) [6]. Such variation is not uncommon and has also been described for the oils derived from Ocimum basilicum [7] and Myrtus communis [8]. 

Figure 1. Mortality caused by selected blends of active and inactive constituents of rosemary oil to Tetranychus urticae when applied at levels equivalent to those found in the 100% lethal concentration of the pure oil (LC,oo = 20 mL litre for T. urticae on beans and 40 mL litre on tomato). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of five replicates. BM1 ( actives ) = a-pinene + 1,8-cineole + a-terpineol + bornyl...

The compound 1,8-cineol was detected in the blood of rats after inhalation of 0.5 ml of rosemary essential oil (Kovar et al. 1987). 

Kovar, K.A., B. Cropper, D. Friess, and H.P.T. Ammon. 1987. Blood levels of 1,8-cineole and locomotor activity of mice after inhalation and oral administration of rosemary oil. Planta Med. 53(4) 315-318. 

In FT-Raman spectrum, 1,8-cineole the main component of Rosemary oil, presents characteristic ring defonnation vibration at 652 cm [12]. For small concentration of essential oil, this band >pears too weak for quantification. The Rosemary oil in EC microcapsules was identified by FT-IR spectroscopy (Fig. 5). The absorption band around 1730 cm could be attributed to the carbonyl vibration of canqihor or bomyl acetate fix)m microencapsulated Rosemary oil. As figure 5 showed, the presence of 1734 cm peak confirmed that Rosemary oil was encapsulated in EC microcq>sules. 

Fig. 2 Total ion chromatogram of monoteipenes present in the gaseous emission of (a) Douglas-fir, (b) Rosemary and (c) Lavender. Peaks 1, a-Thujene 2, (-)-a-Pinene 3, (+) a-Pinene 4, Myrcene 5, Tryciclene 6, (+)-Camphene 7, (-)-Sabinene 8, (-)-Camphene 9, (+)-fi-3-Carene 10, a-Terpinene 11, (+)-p-Pinene 12, (-)-p-Pinene 13, m-Cymene 14, o-Cymene 15, (+)-Limonene 16, (+)-p-Phellangrene 17, (+)-p-PheUangrene 18, 7-Terpinene 19, a-Trpinolene 20,1,8-Cineole 21, (-)-4-Carene 22, (+)-4-Carene 23, (-)-Camphor.

Models Based on a Desorption-Dissolution-Diffusion Mechanism in a Porous Sphere. The precursor of these models was the application by Bartle et. al [20] of the Pick s law of diflusion (or the heat conduction equation, i.e. the Fourier equation) to SFE of spherical particles. In doing so they had to assume an initial uniform distribution of the material extracted (in this specific case 1-8 cineole) from rosemary particles. Since Pick s law of difiusion from a sphere is analogous to a cooling hot ball (Crank [21] vs Carslaw and Jaeger [22]), this type of models have been considered to be analogous to heat transfer. This model was also used by Reverchon and his co-workers [23] and [24] to SFE of basil, rosemary and marjoram with some degree of success. 

Moss, M. and Oliver, L. 2012. Plasma 1,8-cineole correlates with cognitive performance following exposure to rosemary essential oil aroma. 2(3) 103-113. 

Stimulant oils included jasmine, patchouli, ylangylang, basil, and rosemary active components included fenchone, 1,8 cineole, isoborneol, and orange terpenes (Lis-Balchin, 2006). There was considerable similarity in the sedative and stimulant effects of some essential oils studied physi ologically (e.g., their effect on smooth muscle of the guinea pig in vitro) and in various psychologi cal assessments, mostly on humans (Lis-Balchin, 2006). 

Essential oils comprised of 10 g/L solutions of cedarwood, cinnamon, sage, juniper berry, lavender, and rosemary all of these were potent snake irritants. Brown tree snakes exposed to a 2 s burst of aerosol of these oils exhibited prolonged, violent undirected locomotory behavior. In contrast, exposure to a 10 g/L concentration of ginger oil aerosol caused snakes to locomote, but in a deliberate, directed manner. The 10 g/L solutions delivered as aerosols of m-anisaldehyde, frani -anethole, l,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, citral, ethyl phenylacetate, eugenol, geranyl acetate, or methyl salicylate acted as potent irritants for brown tree snakes Boiga irregularly (Clark and Shivik, 2002). 

ISO standard 4719 shows character and data for that oil. Adulteration is done by white camphor oil, 1,8-cineole distilled from eucalyptus oil, synthetic camphor, and linalool. Blending is done with ter-penes from eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil, n-bornyl acetate, lavandin, rosemary oil, HO leaf oil, and a terpineol. Detection can be made by GC MS and by multidimensional chiral separation. Ravid (1992) mentions the chiral ratio of terpinen 4 ol as (4S) (+) terpinen-4-ol 93% (4I -(-)-terpinen 4-ol 7%. 

Rosemary cineole 1/2 drop 4. 50 mL honey Cuisine Provencal... 

Rosemary (28) 1,8-Cineole (XXIII ), camphor (XXXIII ), P-pinene (XXX ), camphene (XXXI )... 

Our kno edge of the chemistry of this oil is chiefly due to-Bondiardat, who showed that it contained pinene and cineol (euca-lyptol). Later, he proved the presence of camphor, linalol, borneol, and esmphene. Terpineol and geraniol are also present in small quantities. Btobably a sesquiterpene also exists in this oil, but its presence has not yet been definitely proved. The similarity of the odour of this oil to-tme lavoider and rosemary is easily explained when one considers that... 

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