Ciguatera poisoning

Dinubile, M. and Hokama, Y., The ciguatera poisoning syndrome from farm-raised salmon, Ann. Intern. Med., 122, 2, 113, 1995. 

Hessel, D., Halstead, B. and Peckham, N., Marine biotoxins. 1. Ciguatera poisoning -some biological and chemical aspects, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 90, 788, 1960. 

Ting, J.Y. and Brown, A.F., Ciguatera poisoning a global issue with common management problems, Eur. J. Emerg. Med., 8, 4, 295, 2001. 

Zlotnick, B.A., et al., Ciguatera poisoning after ingestion of imported jellyfish diagnostic application of serum immunoassay. Wilderness. Em. Med., 6, 3, 288, 1995. 

The symptoms of ciguatera poisoning are complex, involving the digestive, cardiovascular, and neurological systems (see below) the symptoms can occur in various combinations (11). 

My records for 1980 include such reports as nine persons suffered ciguatera poisoning in October from eating a grouper in a Montgomery County, Maryland, restaurant (11), the CDC received numerous inquiries from physicians about ciguatera symptoms on behalf of physicians returning from Puerto Rico and the U. S. 

Physicians outside the "hot areas" seldom recognize the s5miptoms of ciguatera poisoning. As a consequence inappropriate time, resources, diagnostic tests, and treatments are used often leaving a frustrated, seriously-depressed, sometimes emotionally-disturbed sick patient whose financial resources have been... 

EIA as reported has potential for use in a routine laboratory for testing fish samples in ciguatera poisonings, for screening of large number of fishes... 

Comparison of EIA Results between Flesh and Liver Tissues from the Same Species. Table III summarizes the differences in the ciguatoxin activity between flesh and liver from the same fish sample in species of fishes obtained from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Significant differences in the ratios (p <0.05 to <0.01) were shown for all four species examined. In each instance the liver showed a higher ratio, especially in the Bodianus and Caranx species. All of these fishes have been implicated in ciguatera poisoning in Hawaii, especially the Caranx species. 

Promethichthys prometheus Roudi escolar Reports of ciguatera poisoning... 

Ciguatera poisoning (ciguatoxins and analogues and maitotoxin)/fish... 

Kodama, A M., Hokama, Y, Yasumoto, T, Fukui, M., Manea, S.J., and Sutherlan4 N. 1989. Clinical and laboratory findings implicating palytoxin as cause of ciguatera poisoning due to Decapterus macrosoma (mackerel). Toxicon 27(9) 1051-1053. 

Bourdy, G. et al. 1992. Traditional remedies used in the Western Pacific for the treatment of ciguatera poisoning 7< M77Zii/ ofEthnopharmacology 36(2) 163-174. 

---