Cigarette smoke tar

Parish S, Collins R, Peto R, Youngman L, Barton J, Jayne K, Clarke R, Appleby P, Lyon V, Cederholm-Williams S, et al. Cigarette smoking, tar yields, and non-fatal myocardial infarction 14,000 cases and 32,000 controls in the United Kingdom. The International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. BMJ 1995 311(7003) 471-7. 

In 1989, Nakayama et al. (27A79) reported on a reliable method for the detection and quantitation of H2O2 generated in aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke tar. Aqueous tar extracts... 

Brown, E.V. The question of nitrosamines in cigarette smoke tar Proc. University of Kentucky Tobacco Hlth. Workshop 1 (1969) 80. 

P-naphthonitrile identified in a fraction of cigarette smoke tar Compt. Rend. 272D (1971) 2581-2583. 

Tennessee Eastman Corporation Composition of tobacco smoke. EL Effects of the extraction of tobacco on amount of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke tar Tennessee Eastman Corp. Res. Rpt. No. 4-1201-3 (July 14,1959). 

Present evidence thus indicates that benzpyrene is formed in trace amounts on pyrolysis of constituents of tobacco (probably cellulosic), but that no appreciable amount passes into the smoke, and hence that this hydrocarbon is not the agent responsible for the observed carcinogenicity to mice of cigarette smoke tar [Wynder et al. (4306a)]. 

X-Ray irradiation of quartz or silica particles induces an electron-trap lattice defect accompanied by a parallel increase in cytotoxicity (Davies, 1968). Aluminosilicate zeolites and clays (Laszlo, 1987) have been shown by electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) studies to involve free-radical intermediates in their catalytic activity. Generation of free radicals in solids may also occur by physical scission of chemical bonds and the consequent formation of dangling bonds , as exemplified by the freshly fractured theory of silicosis (Wright, 1950 Fubini et al., 1991). The entrapment of long-lived metastable free radicals has been shown to occur in the tar of cigarette smoke (Pryor, 1987). 

Benzole]pyrene is produced from the combustion of tobacco and petroleum fuels. It also occurs in low octane gasoline (0.18-0.87 mg/kg), high octane gasoline (0.45-1.82 mg/kg), used motor oil (92.2-278.4 mg/kg), asphalt (<0.0052 wt %), coal tar pitch (<0.70 wt %), cigarette smoke (3 ig/l,000 cigarettes), and gasoline exhaust (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Lehmann et al. (1984) reported a benzole]pyrene concentration of 0.02 mg/g in a commercial anthracene oil. 

Source Constituent in coal tar, cigarette smoke (4 pg/1,000 cigarettes), and exhaust condensate of... 

The natural sources of carbazole alkaloids are listed in Table 2.1. Carbazole and various alkylcarbazoles have also been obtained from other sources, such as coal tar, petroleum oil, soil humus, the polluted atmosphere of industrial areas, as well as cigarette smoke. 

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