Cigarette smoke daughters

The paper summerizes the experimental data on the equilibrium factor, F, the free fraction, fp, the attachment rate to the room air aerosol, X, the recoil factor,, and the plateout rates of the free, qf, and the attached, q3, radon daughters, determined in eight rooms of different houses. In each room several measurements were carried out at different times, with different aerosol sources (cigarette smoke, stove heating etc.) and under low (v<0.3 It1) and moderate (0.3[Pg.288]

The results of these measurements show that the fraction of the free radon daughters in rooms with low and moderate ventilation and without any aerosol sources are higher (fp = 0.06 - 0.15) than proposed in literature (Jacobi and Eisfeld, 1980 ICRP 32, 1981 NEA, 1983). A mean value of 10 % (fp = 0.1) was determined. Only additional aerosol sources in a room such as cigarette smoke, cooking, candle light or stove heating led to a decrease of the fp-value below 0.05. 

The histological types of lung cancer seen to excess in uranium miners reflect those in the population at large (Masse, 1984). These occur almost entirely in bronchial airways. Approximately 207 are adenocarcinomas which occur in peripheral bronchioles (Spencer, 1977) where there are no basal cells. Squamous cell cancers predominate in miners exposed early in life to relatively low concentrations of radon daughters (Saccomanno et aJL., 1982). These are considered likely to arise from the secretory small mucous granular cells which undergo cell division and extend to the epithelial surface (Masse, personal communication). Division of these cells is accelerated after irritation by toxicants such as cigarette smoke or infectious diseases (Trump et a L., 1978). 

Cross,F.T., Palmer,R.F., Busch,R.H., Filipy,R.E., Dagle,G.E. and B.O. Stuart, Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Daughters, Uranium Ore Dust and Cigarette Smoke in Beagle Dogs, Health Phys. 42 33 (1982). 

NT089 Piao, C. Q., and T. K. Hei. The biological effectiveness of radon daughter alpha particles. 1. Radon, cigarette smoke and oncogenic transformation. Carcinogenesis 1993 14(3) 497—501. 

Indoor moderate airborne concentrations of radon daughters can increase considerably in the presence of particles such as those found in cigarette smoke. The size of these particles (now radioactive) allows them to reach the lungs and remain there, increasing the probability of consequences in health. 

Cross FT, Palmer RF, Filipy RE, et al. 1982. Carcinogenic effects of radon daughters, uranium ore dust and cigarette smoke in Beagle dogs. Health Phys 42(l) 33-52. 

Saccomanno G, Huth GC, Auerbach O, et al. 1988. Relationship of radioactive radon daughters and cigarette smoking in the genesis of lung cancer in uranium miners. Cancer 62 1402-1408. 

Lung cancer was reported in laboratory animals by Chameaud et al. (1974), Cross et al. (1982a, 1982b, 1984), and Stuart et al. (1970) following chronic administration of radon and radon daughters in conjunction with air pollutants, such as cigarette smoke, uranium ore dusts, or diesel exhaust (see Section 2.6). 

The interaction of cigarette smoke with radon and the possible effect on radon-induced toxicity is a complex one and is still an issue under consideration. Cigarette smoke appears to interact with radon and radon daughters to potentiate their effects. In general, epidemiological studies have... 

In rats administration of chemicals present in cigarette smoke after exposure to radon and radon daughters resulted in a decrease in the lung cancer latency period when compared to the time-to-tumor induction in animals treated with radon alone. This effect was seen with 5,6-benzoflavon (Queval et al. 1979) and with cerium hydroxide (Chameaud et al. 1974). 

Stuart B, Willard D, Howard E. 1970. Studies of inhaled radon daughters, uranium ore dust, diesel exhaust, and cigarette smoke in dogs and hamsters. In Inhaled particles. Surrey, England Unwin Brothers, 3 543-560. 

From the living room, Sheila watches Julie smoking with an air of surprise but does not reprimand her. Instead she smiles at her daughter and blows smoke rings with her own cigarette. They exchange smiles. 

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