Chronic partial

Chronic partial sleep restriction is a topic of current interest and one that was examined two decades ago by Carskadon and Dement (18). During a week of restriction to 5 hr of sleep a night, 10 college-aged adults manifested an accumulating decrease of sleep latency scores that did not plateau. A more recent chronic sleep restriction study (34) showed a. 95 correlation of performance measures with the Carskadon and Dement MSLT scores. These studies provided important support for the concept of sleep deficits that continue to grow as sleep reduction is prolonged. A more recent interpretation implicates excess wake as the primary factor rather than sleep deficit (35). 

The PVT has been a primary performance assay for demonstrating the cumulative neurocognitive effects from chronic partial sleep deprivation... 

Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF. Chronic partial sleep deprivation data point to a novel process regulating waking behavioural alertness. Sleep 2002 //(suppl 1) 232. 

Van Dongen HPA, Shah AD, de Brunier AB, Dinges DF. Behavioural alertness and the two-process model of sleep regulation during chronic partial sleep deprivation. Sleep 2002, 77(suppl 1) 233. 

Although large-scale controlled studies on chronic partial sleep deprivation and sleep extension are difficult to execute, we have been able to acquire a great deal of knowledge from the well-conducted investigations that have been carried out to date. Chronic partial sleep deprivation unquestionably leads to accumulation of impairment and progressively increased sleep tendency, the sum of which have been referred to as sleep debt. Once sleep debt has accrued, it can only be paid back by extra sleep. 

Figure 3.4 Identification of various acid-base disturbances. Acute disorders are synonymous with uncompensated disturbances, whereas chronic conditions are synonymous with partially compensated or compensated disturbances. If a specific case falls outside the shaded areas, a compound acid-base disturbance may be suspected, such as the coexistence of respiratory acidosis (partially compensated) and metabolic alkalosis. Unshaded areas may also indicate a transient state between an acute (uncompensated) state and a chronic (partially compensated) condition. (From Cogan MG, Rector FC Jr., Seldin DW. In Brenner BM, and Rector FC Jr, eds. The Kidney, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Philadelphia WB Saunders, 1986, p. 860.)...

Chronic and acute sixth nerve palsy in adults would seem to be a prime indication for the use of botulinum. This application may be especially useful in chronic partial sixth nerve palsies in which there is secondary contracture of the medial rectus muscle with residual function of the lateral rectus muscle. Although advocated by many, the effectiveness of botulinum injected into the ipsilat-eral medial rectus in patients with chronic sixth nerve palsy remains ill-defined. A prospective analysis reported on 6-month success rates in chronic sixth nerve palsy. 

There have been cases of generalized non-convnlsive status epilepticus in patients with chronic partial epilepsy treated with tiagabine, on one occasion specifically associated with frontal lobe discharges (15). 

The effect of tiagabine on visual function has been stndied in 15 patients with chronic partial epilepsy treated for 23-55 months with tiagabine monotherapy after fail-nre with standard antiepileptic drug monotherapy (23). Three patients had localized field losses (two qnadranta-nopic and one hemianopic) from earlier brain lesions. Tiagabine had no effect on visual fields but acquired color vision defects were found in seven of 14 patients contrast sensitivity was unaffected. 

Test Type Chronic (Partial Life Cycle) Acute 48 h... 

K14. Kodicek, E., Rheumatoid-like joint lesions in guinea pigs with chronic partial vitamin C deficiency. Proc. Nutrition Soc. (Engl, and Scot.) 19, xxxiii-xxxiv (1960). 

In annular pancreas, the duodenum is often compressed at a point distal to the ampulla of Vater, making bilious vomiting a hallmark symptom. Abdominal distention is typically not a feature because of the proximal location of the obstruction. Patients may not pass meconium, or bowel movements may cease abruptly. A more insidious form of chronic partial duodenal obstruction may also occur. 

Buda R, Ferruzzi A, Vannini F, Zambelli L, Di Caprio F (2006) Augmentation technique with semitendinosus and gracilis tendons in chronic partial lesions of the ACL clinical and arthrometric analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14 1101-1107... 

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