Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease anti-inflammatories

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme CNS central nervous system COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DPIs dry-powder inhalers EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid EDA Eood and Drug Administration EEVi forced expiratory volume in 1 second HIV human immunodeficiency virus IPS idiopathic pneumonia syndrome NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs... 

More importantly, the effects of theophylline are not limited to bronchodila-tion, bnt also include immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and bronchoprotec-tive activity that substantially contribute to its usefulness as a prophylactic drug in asthma and other respiratory diseases. Additional effects include an increase in mucociliary clearance, a decrease of microvascular leakage into the airways, and an improvement of respiratory mnscle fatigue, especially that of the diaphragm. Theophylline fnrthermore acts centrally, blocking the decrease in ventilation that occurs with sustained hypoxia. While some of these effects are the rationale for its use in asthma, others form the basis for its effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or in the treatment of apnea in premature newborns. 

Terzano et al developed Polysorbate 20 niosomes containing beclomethasone dipropionate for pulmonary delivery to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Singh et prepared niosomes containing the anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide and tested its physico-chemical properties including stability and in vitro release. It was shown that in vitro sustained drug release can be achieved with this approach. The research literature for niosomes in ocular drug delivery has been reviewed by Kaur et al." ... 

---