Chromosomal genome

Bishop DF, Henderson AS, Astrin KH (1990) Human delta-aminolevulinate synthase assignment of the housekeeping gene to 3p21 and the erythroid-specific gene to the X chromosome. Genomics 7 207-214... 

Keyser-Tracqui and colleagues (10) successfully extracted aDNA from 62 individuals from the Eygin Gol Necropolis located in Northern Mongolia, dating to the 3rd centuiy B.C. to die 2nd century A.D. Variation detected in the mitochondrial, autosomal, and Y-chromosomal genomes allowed the researchers... 

Reference sequences of chromosomes, genomic contigs. mRNAs. and proteins for human and major model organisms... 

The chromosomal genome, or simply genome referring to the genetic information common to every cell in the organism. 

Chen E, Cheng A, Lee A, et al. Sequence of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cloned in plasmids and a yeast artificial chromosome. Genomics 10 792-800,1991. 

Zhong, T.P., K. Kaphingst, U. Akella, M. Haldi, E.S. Lander and M.C. Fishman. Zebrafish genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes. Genomics 48 136-138, 1998. 

GDP-Fuc regeneration cycle was constructed by incorporating two more enzymes GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (GMD) and GDP-fucose synthase (GFS) into the same biosynthetic pathway of GDP-Man from Fm-6-P (Schem 5). Both GMD and GFS were cloned from Helicobacter pylori. With the bifuctional gene PMI/GMP adjacent to them, GMD, GFS and PMI/GMP array in sequence to form the GDP-fucose biosynthesis gene cluster in the chromosome genome of Helicobacter pylori (22). 

The structure of the large DNA molecule, which was known to be the main material of the chromosomes, remained a mystery until Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure in 1953. Chromosomal (genomic) DNA consists oftwo complementary polyanionic chains made up of long sequences of four different nucleic bases. Since the four bases are complementary, the double stranded DNA molecule is capable of exact self-replication from either strand. The chemical structure of DNA is shown in Fig. 2.1. The diameter of the double helix is about 2 nm, while the length of the DNA polymer can be enormous, i.e., several centimeters in a putatively stretched out -state. Table 2.1 gives some comparisons for the size of DNA from different species. 

---