Chromatography microscale

Anion exchange chromatography microscale single borate buffer... 

The evolution of media covering aqueous and nonaqueous systems on the one hand and analytical as well as microscale and macroscale preparative applications on the other hand has resulted in an arbitrarily nomenclature within the field. Thus the current practice is to refer to the separation principle based on solute size as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) whereas the application in aqueous systems is traditionally referred to as gel filtration (GF) and the application in nonaqueous systems is designated gel-permeation... 

D. Ishii (Ed.), "Introduction to Microscale High-Performance Liquid Chromatography", VCH Publishers, New York, NY, 1988. 

Davis, M. T., Stahl, D. C., Hefta, S. A., and Lee, T. D., A microscale electrospray interface for on-line, capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of complex peptide mixtures, Anal. Chem., 67, 4549, 1995. 

Three different formats for microscale chromatography have been recently investigated, which use low resin volumes (500 pL) ... 

At now, the samples volumes necessary for certain analysis can be significant, which can preclude the use of integrated sequence on microscale chromatography. 

R. E. Moore, L. Licklider, D. Schumann, T. D. Lee A microscale electrospray interface incorporating a monolithic, poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) support for online liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and proteins. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4879-4884. 

Ishii, D., Hirose, A., Hibi, K., and Iwasaki, Y., Studies on micro high-performance liquid chromatography. 5. Design of a microscale liquid chromatograph and its application to cation-exchange separation of alkali-metals. Journal of Chromatography 157(Sep), 43-50,1978. 

C. Morgan and N. Moir,/. Chem. Educ. 73, 1040-1041 (1996). Rapid Microscale Isolation and Purification of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase Using Cibacron Blue Affinity Chromatography. ... 

D. Ishii, Introduction to Microscale High Performance liquid Chromatography, VCH, Weinheim, 1988. 

Chromatographic and electrophoretic separations are truly orthogonal, which makes them excellent techniques to couple in a multidimensional system. Capillary electrophoresis separates analytes based on differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of analytes, while chromatographic separations discriminate based on differences in partition function, adsorption, or other properties unrelated to charge (with some clear exceptions). Typically in multidimensional techniques, the more orthogonal two methods are, then the more difficult it is to interface them. Microscale liquid chromatography (p.LC) has been comparatively easy to couple to capillary electrophoresis due to the fact that both techniques involve narrow-bore columns and liquid-phase eluents. 

Ishii, D., ed., Introduction to Microscale High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. VCH Publ. New York, 1988. 

Chemistry Video Consortium, Practieal Laboratory Chemistry, Educational Media Film and Video Ltd, Harrow, Essex, UK - Microscale ehromatography (TLC, column chromatography, gas chromatography and preparation of a Grignard reagent). 

Carrying out a fractional distillation on the truly micro scale (< 1 mg) is impossible, and even impossible on a small scale (10-400 mg). In the present microscale experiment the distillation will be carried out on a 4-mL scale. As seen in later chapters various types of chromatography are employed for the separation of micro and semimicro quantities of material while distillation is the best method for separating more than a few grams of material. 

For gas chromatography, the most suitable membrane extraction technique is MMLLE. The organic acceptor is better compatible with GC than with HPLC, as are the analytes that are best extracted in such a system, i.e., relatively hydrophobic compounds. A new development is the ESy instrument (ESyTech AB, Lund, Sweden) [76-78] where an MMLLE extraction in microscale (1 mL extracted into a volume ca 1 p,L) is automatically performed and the organic extract is directly injected into the GC by an injection needle, directly connected to the extraction cell. See Figure 12.7. 

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