Cholinesterase affecting

Other additional studies or pertinent information that lend sunnort to this MRL Methyl parathion affects the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. Cholinesterase inhibition and neurological effects have been observed in humans and animals, for all exposure routes and durations (for example. Dean et al. 1984 Desi et al. 1998 EPA 1978e Gupta et al. 1985 Nemec et al. 1968 Suba 1984). 

Most displayed decreased blood cholinesterase activity. Many were observed to have affective syndromes (anxiety, fear, aggression), sometimes accompanied by symptoms of depression. Disruption of memory was noted. Vision problems are also caused by long-term contact with OPPs [A64]. In cotton growing regions with intensive OPP use, the number of spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths was higher than elsewhere [3]. 

A comprehensive approach to a states response to a chemical terrorism includes having a plan not only for the crisis and consequence management phases of the incident, but also for all elements required for complete resolution of the event. This may include the necessity to definitively establish whether chemical agents were used, to provide supporting evidence to confirm other analyses, or to provide the forensic proof required to support a criminal prosecution. The collection and analysis of biomedical samples - blood, urine or other tissue from affected humans or animals - is one of the means for providing such information. Although current capabilities such as urinary thiodyglycol excretion or plasma cholinesterase activity can be performed, there is scope for far more sensitive and specific assessments that overcome the limitations of these approaches. 

Hopf2 concludes that although insect nerve tissues produce substances that simulate acetylcholine and a cholinesterase which is inhibited by organo-phosphorus insecticides, these substances (in locusts at any rate) are not antagonized by atropine. Furthermore, tubocurarine does not poison insects, although it is active in warm-blooded animals and affects the neuromuscular junctions (see pp. 36, 37). In short, different physiological mechanisms appear to be at work in insects. In particular, it seems that acetylcholine, when injected into a variety of insects, has no marked toxic action. It seems then that, in some... 

Beauvais, S.J. 1997, Eactors Affecting Cholinesterase in Aquatic Animals. Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa. 

Sarin Pure sarin is a colorless, odorless, volatile, and highly lethal compound. It inhibits the enzyme action of cholinesterase, causing the production of excessive amounts of acetylcholine, which in turn affects the central nervous system. 

Eye exposure can produce visual disturbances without affecting blood cholinesterase levels. Exposed crop duster pilots, unable to judge distances, have been involved in accidents. Volunteers instilled with 2 drops of 0.1 % TEPP 30 minutes apart experienced maximal miosis without any change in blood cholinesterase. ... 

Drugs that may be affected by dipyridamole are adenosine and cholinesterase inhibitors. 

Drugs that may affect donepezil are CYP450 3A4 and 2D6 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole, quinidine) and CYP450 3A4 and 2D6 inducers (eg, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin). Drugs that may be affected by donepezil include anticholinergics, cholinometics/cholinesterase inhibitors, NSAIDs. 

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