CCK, cholecystokinin

The BZ stmcture also has provided a molecular scaffold for a number of peptide receptor ligands (26). Antagonists for the cholecystokinin (CCK-A) receptor, eg, devazepide (65), the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor, eg, midazolam (66), and the /i -opiate receptor, eg, tifluadom (67), as well as a series of ras famyl transferase inhibitors, eg, BZA-2B (68) (30) have been identified (Table 4). 

CGRP is widely distributed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and is found ia sensory neurons and ia the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. In many iastances CGRP is co-localized with other neuroregulators, eg, ACh ia motor neurons, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and galanin ia sensory neurons. It is also present ia the CNS, with ACh ia the parabigeminal nucleus and with cholecystokinin (CCK) ia the dorsal parabrachial area. CGRP functions as a neuromodulator or co-transmitter. 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the intestine and the brain. It appears to be an important mediator of anxiety. It also stimulates vasopressin secretion and slows gastric emptying. In addition, it is an important humoral satiety signal (appetite control). Various antagonists have been developed and are currently being investigated with regard to their therapeutic potential. 

Various compounds bearing a carboxymethyl group at position 1 and a car-boxymethylamino function at position 3, including ACE inhibitors (27, 28), have been claimed as cholecystokinin (CCK)-antagonists [76-78]. Analogous compounds with a 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl moiety at position I are also claimed to be useful as antihypertensives and CCK antagonists [79],... 

The receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin, CCKR and CCKp/gastrin, respectively, have been implicated in the risk for a spectrum of humau diseases that includes metabolic and neoplastic disorders (241-243). The dire consequences of... 

Thyroliberin (TRH) Gonadoliberin (GnRH) Substance P Somatostatin Angiotensin II Cholecystokinin (CCK-4) and many others... 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the brain-gut peptides. Its most abundant form in the brain is the C-terminal sulphated octapeptide fragment CCK8, which interacts with the same affinity with both CCK receptor subtypes, CCK-A and CCK-B. Extensive pharmacological studies have been carried out over the last few years suggesting that CCK may participate in the neuroendocrine responses to stress (Harro et al 1993 Dauge and Lena 1998). Interestingly, CCK8 and CRH are co-locahzed in neurons of the hypothalamic PVN (Mezey etal. 1985). 

K. Miyasaka, S. Kanai, M. Masuda, T. Ibuka, K. Nakai, N. Fujii, A. Funakoshi, Involvement of cholinergic processes in cholecystokinin (CCK) release [corrected] by luminal oleic acid, J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 63 (1997) 179-182. 

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