Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide CCK

Koenigsberg HW, Poliak CP, Fine J, Kakimia T (1994) Cardiac and respiratory activity in panic disorder effects of sleep and sleep lactate infusions. Am J Psychiatry 151 1148-1152 Kramer MS, Cutler NR, Ballenger JC, Patterson WM, Mendels J (1995) A placebo-controlled trial of L-365,260, a CCK antagonist, in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 37 462-466 Le Mell4do JM, Bradwein J, Koszycki D, Bichet DG, BeUavance F (1998) The role of the P-noradrenergic system in cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide-induced panic symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 44 364-366... 

Hendrie CA, Dourish CT Effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide and the CCK-B antagonist LY 288513 in a putative model of panic in the mouse, in Ethology and Psychopharmacology. Edited by Cooper SJ, Hendrie CA. Chichester, England, Wiley, 1994, pp 110-132... 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) The tetrapeptide CCK causes more panic attacks when infused into patients with panic disorder than it does in normal volunteers, which suggests increased sensitivity of the brain type of CCK receptor, known as CCK-B. Unfortunately, in early investigations CCK-B antagonists did not appear to be effective for panic disorder. Nevertheless, agents with novel pharmacological mechanisms of action are sometimes evaluated for their potential antipanic actions by testing whether they can block CCK-induced panic attacks. 

Cholecystokinin. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Two CCK receptor subtypes have been cloned to date, that is, CCK-A (Alimentary), which are primarily located in the periphery, and CCK-B (Brain) (219). CCK-B receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain, but have particularly high densities in the hypothalamus, limbic system, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and brain stem (219). CCK-4 (a tetrapeptide) and CCK-8S (a sulfated oc-... 

---