Choice feeding

Imamura etal. (1986) exposed particleboard made from acetylated wood to the termite species Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. A forced feeding test according to the JWPA standard 11-1981, where the untreated or acetylated wood was the only food source, and a choice feeding test (where wood specimens were randomly placed on a termite breeding colony for 30 days) were used. With C. formosanus, there was limited attack of the fully acetylated boards, with about 50 % termite mortality after 3 weeks in forced feeding tests, whereas with R. sparatus there was virtually no attack and 100% mortality. 

Once we determined the toxicity by this I.P. route, we then tested the most active compounds in a non-choice feeding test in which the test compounds were incorporated into a rat diet and fed to weanling and adult Sprague-Dawley rats for ten days. This test required five rats per dose level and the levels were from 200 ppm to 10 ppm. Daily feed consumption data as well as necropsy data on the dead and moribund rats were collected. 

It was also essential to determine how effective bromethalin was against warfarin-resistant rats and mice. Such animals, whose resistance to anticoagulants had been determined by World Health Organization tests,(17) were subjected to a standard EPA choice feeding efficacy test with bromethalin at 0.005% in the treated diet. The results indicate (Appendix 6) that 90% of the animals were killed and that consumption patterns were similar to those observed in other choice tests. 

The most frecjuent measurement or observation made is whether aniiiHls consune tannin-rich food in preferenco to tannin-pcor (or tannin-free) fcxxd. In a "no choice" feeding experiment this may be reflected in reduced or enhanced food consumption when experimental... 

Despite important physiological functions and its presence in milk al about 0.I l%. chloride is a neglected element in large animal nutrition. The practice of adding sodium chloride lo concentrate mixtures and free-choice feeding seems to have precluded the possibility of a practical deficiency problem. When salt was omitted from the diet, researchers found that under the conditions used in their study, sodium was the first limiting element. This was true because sodium is present in most natural ingredients at much lower levels, relative lo the cow s requirements, than is chloride. 

Cumming, R.B. (1992) The biological control of coccidiosis by choice feeding. Proceedings of 19th World s Poultry Congress, Vol 2. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 20-24 September 1992, 425-428. 

Henuk and Dingle (2002) described the practical and economic advantages of choice-feeding systems for laying poultry. The systems can be applied... 

Choice-feeding should work well with birds provided access to forage since it would allow the birds to regulate the intake of energy and nutrients according to those supplied in the forage. However, research data on this issue are lacking. 

Table 7.5. Estimated feed savings by adopting choice-feeding with laying hens. (From Henuk and Dingle, 2002.)...

Reference Conventional diet (g/hen/day) Choice-feeding (g/hen/day) Saving in feed intake (%)... 

Research on choice-feeding with other classes and breeds was reviewed by Pousga et al. (2005). Olver and Malan (2000) reported that growing pullets... 

Bennett, C. (2006) Choice-feeding of small laying hen flocks. Extension Report, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, Winnipeg, Canada, pp. 1-2. 

Bui, X.M., Ogle, B. and Lindberg, J.E. (2001) Effect of choice feeding on the nutrient intake and performance of broiler ducks. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 14, 1728-1733. 

Cowan,P.J.andMichie,W. (1978a) Environmental temperature and turkey performance The use of diets containing increased levels of protein and use of a choice-feeding system. Annals of Zootechnology 17,175-180. 

Cowan, P.J. and Michie, W. (1978b) Environmental temperature and choice feeding of the broiler. British Journal of Nutrition 40, 311-314. 

Cumming, R.B. (1992a) The advantages of free-choice feeding for village chickens. Proceedings of XIX World s Poultry Congress. Amsterdam, pp. 627. 

Henuk, Y.L., Thwaites, C.J., Hill, M.K. and Dingle, J.G. (2000a) The effect of temperature on responses of laying hens to choice feeding in a single feeder. In Pym, R.A.E., (ed.) Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 117-120. 

Hughes, B.O. (1984) The principles underlying choice feeding behaviour in fowls -with special reference to production experiments. World s Poultry Science Journal 40, 141-150. 

Karunajeewa, H. (1978) Free-choice feeding of poultry a review. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 1978 (Farrell, D.J., Ed.), University of New England, Armidale, Australia, pp. 57-70. 

Olver, M.D. and Malan, D.D. (2000) The effect of choice-feeding from 7 weeks of age on the production characteristics of laying hens. South African Journal of Animal Science 30,110-114. 

Pousga, S., Boly, H. and Ogle, B. (2005) Choice feeding of poultry a review. Livestock Research for Rural Development 17, Art. 45. Available at www.cipav.org.co/lrrdl7/4/ pousl7045.htm... 

Robertson, A.I. and Lucas, J.S., Food choice, feeding rates and the turnover of macrophyte biomass by a surf-zone inhabiting amphipod, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 72, 99, 1983. 

Table I. Percent Abnormal and Number of First Cycle Progeny (in Parentheses) Resulting from "No Choice" Feeding of Blattella germanica Nymphs on Various Juvenoids Incorporated in Food...

Crocker, D.R., Scanlon, C.B. Perry, S.M. 1993. Repellency and choice feeding responses of wild rats Rattus norvegicus) to cinnamic acid derivatives. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 38, 61—66. 

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