Chlorpromazine aggression

Powell. D.A. Walters, K. Duncan, S. and Holley, J.R. The effects of chlorpromazine and ( -amphetamine upon shock-elicited aggression. Psychopharmacologia 30 303-314, 1973. 

Of the antipsychotic drugs prescribed, 72% were typical antipsychotics, which included haloperidol, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, sulpiride, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, flupentixol, and bromperidol. Use of typical drugs was associated with longer hospitalization, male gender, and clinical reports of violence or aggression. Atypical drugs only accounted for 28% of antipsychotic drugs... 

Initially, the neuroleptics were used to manage severe anxiety, agitation, and aggression in individuals with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia, a psychotic illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized, illogical thinking. The first neuroleptic used in schizophrenia was chlorpromazine (Thorazine) in 1952. Additional neuroleptics were later developed to treat a variety of other disorders and conditions in children and adults, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar dis-... 

Neuroleptics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol have been used to treat aggressive behaviour in mentally handicapped children, but there is always a risk that such drugs have a negative impact on the cognitive, social, emotional and developmental aspects. Such side effects necessitate the use of such drugs for a very short period only. Whether the atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone could be used as safer alternatives to the first-generation neuroleptics is unknown but because of their better side effects, are worthy of consideration. 

Occasionally the agonist (sedative) compounds in current use cause paradoxical effects, e.g. excitement, aggression and antisocial acts. Alteration of dose, up or down, may eliminate these (as may chlorpromazine in an acute severe situation). 

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal are considered to be effective decontamination measures, whereas ipecac-induced emesis should be avoided after massive ingestion, because of the risk of seizures. Aggressive use of benzodiazepine is a reasonable first choice to treat associated involuntary movements, tremor, hyperactivity, and agitation. Chlorpromazine or haloperidol can also be used, especially for serious, life-threatening symptoms, including hypertensive crises and severe hyperthermia, and labetalol or sodium nitroprusside are reasonable choices for rapid stabilization of blood pressure. 

Zovirax aciclovir. zucapsaicin capsaicin, zuclomifene clomiphene. zuclomiphene clomiphene. zuclopenthixol [ban, inn] (clopenthixol [ban, inn, usan] zuclopenthixol decanoate zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride Z-clopenthixol Clopixol ) is a thioxanthene with a piperizine side-chain, and has general properties similar to the phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine. It is used as an oral ANTIPSYCHOTIC for the short-term management of acute psychotic and mania disorders, or the exacerbation of chronic psychotic disorders. The decanoate and hydrochloride forms can be given by deep intramuscular injection particularly for maintainance of patients with agitated and aggressive behaviour, zuclopenthixol decanoate zuclopenthixol. zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride zuclopenthixol. Zumenon oestradiol. 

The management of a serious overdose is generally symptomatic. Since hypertension may be acutely life-threatening, aggressive treatment with phentolamine. 5.0 mg IV, is indicated. Phentolamine, 0.25-0.5 mg IM every 4-6 hr, may be used thereafter to control blood pressure. If this drug is not available, chlorpromazine is a good alternative. The initial dose is chlorpromazine 50 mg IM, with 25-mg IM doses used every 1-2 hr thereafter to control the hypertension. The patient s blood pressure should be monitored carefully, since marked hypotension may follow a hypertensive episode. ... 

Catalepsy and Parkinsonism have been reported as side actions and the parasympathetic concomitants of these conditions are more marked than they are with phenothiazine therapy. Reserpine, like chlorpromazine, inhibits sham rage reactions, makes aggressive animals more tractable and inhibits conditioned avoidance responses . 

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