Chlorogenic acid artichoke

Artichoke extracts show marked antioxidant and protective potential [111]. This result suggests that chlorogenic acid and 1,5-DCQA account for only part of the antioxidative principle of these extracts. 

Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Cumaric acid Ferulic acid Sinapic acid artichoke, aubergine... 

Subsequent tests with velvetleaf, Kodkia, Jerusalem artichoke, and cocklebur showed that their allelopathic action altered water balance (55,94,95). Growth reductions in sorghum and soybean seedlings in nutrient solution amended with extracts from these weeds correlated with high diffusive resistances and low leaf water potentials. Stomatal closure occurred in plants treated with the more concentrated extracts. Depressions in water potential were due to a reduction in both turgor pressure and osmotic potential. A lower relative water content was also found in velvetleaf-treated plants. These impacts on water balance were not from osmotic factors. Allelochemicals from these weeds have not been thoroughly ascertained, but the present evidence shows that some contain phenolic inhibitors. Lodhi (96) reported that Kodkia contains ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, and quercetin. As noted earlier, an effect on plant-water relationships is one mechanism associated with the action of ferulic acid. 

It has also been reported that exposure of artichoke heads to low, non-freezing temperature storage leads to increased levels of caffeoylquinic derivatives, particularly chlorogenic acid, caused by the cold-induced stimulation of PAL activity [39]. Both PAL activity and the phenolic content of artichoke heads show a peak during the early stage of cold storage, followed by a gradual return to very low levels [39]. 

Comino C, Hehn A, Moglia A, Menin B, Bourgaud F, Lanteri S, Portis E (2009) The isolation and mapping of a novel hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the globe artichoke chlorogenic acid pathway. BMC Plant Biol 9 30... 

Ben Hod G, Basnizki Y, Zohary D, Mayer AM. Cynarin and chlorogenic acid content in germinating seeds of globe artichoke Cyanara scolymus L.). J Gen Breed 1992 46 63-68. 

In another human study with a similar design, artichoke extract capsules were administered three times in 4-h intervals (total hydroxycinnamate intake 123.9 mg relative to chlorogenic acid) [19]. In contrast to coffee, artichoke... 

Cynaropicrin, cynarin (1,3-dicaffeoylqui-nic acid), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), and scolymoside are among various active constituents identified so The maximum content of cynarin, the major caffeoylquinic acid derivative in the artichoke heads, is obtained by aqueous ebullition of... 

Apart from the biological activities of caffeine, those of chlorogenic acid (which is present in substantial quantities in coffee) should not he ignored, as chlorogenic acid is reported to have stimulant, diuretic, and choleretic properties (see artichoke and honeysuckle)-, it also has allergenic properties (morton 3). 

Figure 7.20 Flavone and flavanone glycoside conjugates and chlorogenic acids occur in artichokes.

Cynaiae herba Artichoke Cynara scolymus L. Asteraceae M.D (leaves) Sesquiterpene lactones (0.5%- 6%) Cynaropicrin (40%-80% Bl 40 X 10") and/or grosheimin Caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic, and L,3 dicaffeoyl quinic acid (cyiiarin). Flavonoids (0.1%-i%) scolymoside, cynaroside, luteolinglycosides Fig. 13... 

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