1-Chlorobutane

The resulting free radicals react with chlorine to give the corresponding alkyl chlorides Butyl radical gives only 1 chlorobutane sec butyl radical gives only 2 chlorobutane... 

Direct alkylation of benzene using 1 chlorobutane and aluminum chloride would yield sec butylbenzene by rearrangement and so could not be used... 

Substitutive name Functional class names 1 Chlorobutane n Butyl chloride or butyl chloride 2 Chlorobutane sec Butyl chloride or 1 methylpropyl chloride... 

Phosphonium salts are readily prepared by the reaction of tertiary phosphines with alkyl or henzylic haHdes, eg, the reaction of tributylphosphine [998-40-3] with 1-chlorobutane [109-69-3] to produce tetrabutylphosphonium chloride [2304-30-5]. 

The value of k /k can be determined by measuring the ratio of the products 1-chlorobutane 2-chlorobutane during the course of the reaction. A statistical correction must be made to take account of the fact that the primary hydrogens outnumber the secondaiy ones by 3 2. This calculation provides the relative reactivity of chlorine atoms toward the primary and secondary hydrogens in butane ... 

One-electron oxidation of carboxylate ions generates acyloxy radicals, which undergo decarboxylation. Such electron-transfer reactions can be effected by strong one-electron oxidants, such as Mn(HI), Ag(II), Ce(IV), and Pb(IV) These metal ions are also capable of oxidizing the radical intermediate, so the products are those expected from carbocations. The oxidative decarboxylation by Pb(IV) in the presence of halide salts leads to alkyl halides. For example, oxidation of pentanoic acid with lead tetraacetate in the presence of lithium chloride gives 1-chlorobutane in 71% yield ... 

If every collision of a chlorine atom with a butane molecule resulted in hydrogen abstraction, the n-butyl/5ec-butyl radical ratio and, therefore, the 1-chloro/2-chlorobutane ratio, would be given by the relative numbers of hydrogens in the two equivalent methyl groups of CH3CH2CH2CH3 (six) compared with those in the two equivalent methylene groups (four). The product distribution expected on a statistical basis would be 60% 1-chloro-butane and 40% 2-chlorobutane. The experimentally observed product distribution, however, is 28% 1-chlorobutane and 72% 2-chlorobutane. 5ec-Butyl radical is therefore formed in greater anounts, and n-butyl radical in lesser anounts, than expected statistically. 

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