1- Chlorobutane, reaction with magnesium

Scheme 7.5. A series of reactions utilized to convert an alkyl halide (1-chlorobutane) to the corresponding alkyltin hydride. The alkyl halide, after reaction with magnesium to produce a Grignard reagent can be hydrolyzed to produce the alkane. The trialkyltin hyride can be used to convert other alkyl halides to their respective alkanes.

The magnesium turnings for Grignard reactions were supplied by Flsons Scientific Apparatus, Loughborough. If less than 1.65 g-atom of magnesium is used, the final product will be contaminated with 1-chlorobutane. 

Figure 8.1.23 depicts the ultrasound enhancement factor Eus as a function of the surface activation degree with parameter f2. The circles represent measured values for Eus and . In the case of magnesium as the treated sohd with tetrahy-drofurane as solvent and different chlorobutanes as reactants a mechanical activation degree of approximately 10% has been observed. This means that 10% of the necessary activation energy has been delivered by the mechanical treatment by impinging liquid microjets. This is a typical value that can be found in other devices like reaction mills, too. This value of 4 to 6kJ/mol for mechanically treated... 

Attempts to prepare tetrafluoro-l,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethane via reaction of chlorotrimethylsilane with 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane in THF in the presence of lithium or magnesium have yielded bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and tetrafluoroethylene, respectively. Similarly, in situ reactions of the substrates CF3-CCl CCl2 and CF, CFBr-CF,Br with lithium and chlorotri-methylsilane in THF gave tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)allene, while the acetylene (MejSi)3C-CiC C(SiMe3)3 was obtained from CFs-Caj CFCl CF,. Magnesium, chlorotrimethylsilane, and the dibromide CFa CFBrCFiBr gave perfluoropropene, but with the chlorobutane CFs-CQj-CFCl-CFa it seems... 

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