Chlorobenzene Monochlorobenzene

Hainan Zhongxin Chemical (China) Shanghai Sunwise Chemical (China) Chemos GmbH (Germany) 

Chlorobenzene reacts with ammonia to produce aniline, one of the most important feedstocks for making rubber chemicals. 

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Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) Chlorobromomethane 2-Chloro-l, 3-butadiene, see Chloroprene Chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22)... 

Chloro-1 -nitropropane Chloroacetaldehyde a-Chloroacetophenone Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) o-Chlorobenzylidine malononitrile Chlorobromomethane Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) 2-Chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin) Chloroform... 

NIOSH Toxicology Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene). NTIS PB-276-623. Cincinnati, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, 1977... 

Chlorobenzene Monochlorobenzene under Ring-Substituted Aromatics Chloroform Tiichloromethane under Saturated Alkyl HaUdes Chloromethane Methyl Chloride under Saturated Alkyl Halides Chlorophenol under Halophenols Chlorotoluene, 2 under Ring-Substituted Aromatics... 

Chlorobenzenes Monochlorobenzene is an intermediate in the production of nitro-chlorobenzenes, which are precursors for rubber chemicals, antioxidants, dyes and pigments, and diphenyl ether, which is used in making heat transfer fluids. This market is projected to decline as the customers shift to alternative processes. 

With the discontinuation of some herbicides, eg, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol [39399-44-5] based on the higher chlorinated benzenes, and DDT, based on monochlorobenzene, both for ecological reasons, the production of chlorinated benzenes has been reduced to just three with large-volume appHcations of (mono)chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, and -dichlorobenzene. Monochlorobenzene remains a large-volume product, considerably larger than the other chlorobenzenes, in spite of the reduction demanded by the discontinuation of DDT. 

Nitration of chlorobenzenes, mosdy monochlorobenzene in the United States, with nitric acid has wide industrial appHcations. 

Chlorobenzenes are generally considered nonflammable materials with the exception of monochlorobenzene, which has a flash point of 34.5°C and is a flammable solvent based on DOT standards. 

The chlorobenzene operations in the United States were developed primarily for the manufacture of phenol, aniline, and DDT. However, with the process changes in the production of phenol and aniline, the phase-out of DDT production, and changes in the herbicide and solvent markets, the U.S. production of chlorinated benzenes has shmnk by more than 50% since the total production peaked in 1969. U.S. production of monochlorobenzene peaked in the 1960s and decreased to a low of 101 million kg in 1986 with an 11% and 9% increase, respectively, in 1988 and 1989. 

The production of chlorobenzenes in Eastern Europe is concentrated in the former Soviet Union, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The estimated capacity is 200—250 thousand metric tons the former Soviet Union has most (230 thousand tons) of this capacity. There is trade between Eastern and Western Europe on monochlorobenzene and the dichlorobenzenes, but the net trade balance is probably even at about 20 thousand metric tons. Eastern Europe exported 20 thousand metric tons of monochlorobenzene principally to Germany, Erance, and the United States. 

Japan, as of January 1, 1989, had a total capacity of 28 thousand metric tons of monochlorobenzene and 49 thousand tons of dichlorobenzenes. The Japanese prices have remained fairly constant since 1985. The Japanese consumption of -dichlorobenzene is 81% for moth control, 11% for PPS resins, and 8% for dye-stuffs. There has been very Htde export from Japan of chlorobenzenes and imports have been mainly -dichlorobenzene from the United States, Germany, Prance, and the United Kingdom. 

Molybdenum insoluble compounds Molybdenum soluble compounds Monochloroacetic acid Monochlorobenzene (chlorobenzene) Monocrotophos Monomethyl aniline Monomethyl hydrazine Monomethylarsonic acid Morpholine... 

Chlorobenzene, also monochlorobenzene and paradichlorobenzene Chlorinator operation HCl absorption Condensers, HCl absorbers... 

TRINITROBENZENE m-DIBROMOBENZENE m-CHLORONITROBENZENE o-CHLORONITROBENZENE p-CHLORONITROBENZENE tn-D I CHLOROBENZENE o-DICHLOROBENZENE p-DI CHLOROBENZENE m-DIFLUOROBENZENE o-DIFLUOROBENZENE p-DIFLUOROBENZENE m-DI NITROBENZENE o-DINITROBENZENE p-DINITROBENZENE BROMOBENZENE MONOCHLOROBENZENE m-CHLOROPHENOL o-CHLOROPHENOL p-CHLOROPHENOL... 

Mole-nots, see Strychnine Mollan 0, see Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Mondur TD, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate Mondur TD-80, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate Mondur TDS, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate Monobromobenzene, see Bromobenzene Monobromobenzol, see Bromobenzene Monobromoethane, see Ethyl bromide Monobromomethane, see Methyl bromide Monobromotrifluoromethane, see Bromotrifluoromethane Monobutylamine, see Butylamine Mono-n-butylamine, see Butylamine Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether, see 2-Butoxyethanol Monochlorbenzene, see Chlorobenzene Monochlorethane, see Chloroethane Monochloroacetaldehyde, see Chloroacetaldehyde Monochlorobenzene, see Chlorobenzene Monochlorodibromomethane, see Dibromochloromethane Monochlorodiphenyl oxide, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether... 

Exposure to monochlorobenzene usually occurs by inhalation or skin contact. It is an irritant and affects the respiratory system, liver, skin, and eyes. Ingestion of this compound has caused incoordination, pallor, cyanosis, and eventual collapse, effects similar to those of aniline poisoning (see Section 15.3). Workers exposed to chlorobenzene have complained of headaches, numbness, sleepiness, and digestive symptoms, including nausea and vomiting. In general, most of these workers were exposed to other substances as well, so it is uncertain that their symptoms were due to chlorobenzene alone. 

Chlorobenzenes. Of the 12 different chlorobenzenes that can result from the chlorination of benzene, three are of most commercial importance monochlorobenzene (MCB), o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), and /7-dichlorobenzene (PDCB). Chlorination of benzene can be done either batchwise or continuously in the presence of a catalyst such as ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, or stannic chloride. It is usually run as a three-product process the current product distribution is about 52 percent to MCB, 17 percent ODCB and 31 percent PDCB. The pure compounds are separated from the crude by distillation and crystallization. 

Production of monochlorobenzenes peaked in the 1960s with production volume at about 600 million lb. It was down to 152 million lb in 1998. The most significant cause for the decline is the replacement of monochlorobenzene by cumene as the preferred raw material for phenol manufacture. Other reasons include the elimination of the herbicide DDT, the change of diphenyl oxide process from chlorobenzene to phenol and a significant drop in solvent use. The production volume for ODCB and PDCB were 50 and 91 million lb, respectively, in 1998. 

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