Oxidation chlorite

Sodium chlorite oxidation of com and rice starches is recommended for the production of textile sizes (101) and oxidized starch is recommended as a hardening agent in the immobilization of microbial cells within gelatin (102). 

N-Methylated y-amino-p-hydroxy acids are accessible by the usual synthetic sequences, i.e. aldol condensation or y-amino-P-oxo ester reduction, starting from the corresponding N-methylated a-amino acids, but are obtained with low diastereoselectivity. 61-63 Alternatively, Brown allylboration of the ALBoc-ALMe amino aldehyde 16 (R1 = Bzl, X=Boc, Y = Me) gives the allyhc N-methylated intermediate 27 in 64% yield and 90% de (Scheme 12). 64 Oxidative cleavage of the alkenol is performed using the two-step ozonolysis and sodium chlorite oxidation sequence. 

The effectiveness of various chlorine oxidants, and the influence of the pH, on D-galacturonic acid has been studied (see Ref. 1, p. 1120). The autocatalytic chlorite oxidation of polysaccharides is similar to that described for the bromate oxidation (see Section II.2). Thus, the reactive oxyhalogen species are reduced to halides, as shown in Eq. (26). 

The closing stages of Carreira s synthesis of (+ )-zaragozic acid C (Scheme 7.4) began with the Dess-Martin oxidation6 of 18. An ozon-olysis next yielded trialdehyde 19, and a buffered sodium chlorite oxidation provided the corresponding triacid. Of particular interest here was... 

Fig. 17.17. Sodium chlorite oxidation of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes to form a carboxylic acid. The extra additive destroys the reduction product of the oxidant, i.e., sodium hypochlorite or hypochloric acid.

In electrolysis using BDD anode chlorite as a C102 precursor may be formed by ozone attacking the hypochlorite ion (von Gunten 2003). The reaction rate is relatively small as well as for chlorite oxidation by ozone. OH radical-based effects are more probable. 

When chlorine dioxide is obtained by anodic chlorite oxidation, with or without the addition of sulphate, it is relatively stable in the minute-to-hour time scale at room temperature in the dark. Complex formation probably stabilises the chlorine dioxide (Gordon and Emmenegger 1966). Unfortunately, observation of this complex under these conditions in water electrolysis is compromised by low optical sensitivity. 

Again, a chromium-free oxidation method is employed. Sodium chlorite oxidizes aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes. In the process it forms hypochloric acid (HOCl) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which are even more reactive than sodium chlorite and therefore must be quenched in situ by the olefinic additive 2-methyl-2-butene in an acidic buffer medium. 

Kudesia, V. P. Mechanism of chlorite oxidations. I. Kinetics of the oxidation of formaldehyde by chlorite ion. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1972, 81, 623-628. 

Chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) Chlorite-oxidized oxyamylopectin (COAP) Chlorite-oxidized oxycellulose (COCEL) 2. Polysulfates Polyvinylsulfate in vivo (mice) Late 52)... 

Various synthetic substances are able to stimulate interferon production, some of them only in vivo (polycarboxylates pyran copolymer, polyacrylic acid, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose low molecular weight compounds tilorone,... 

By examination of the spectra in Figure 5, it is clear that polysaccharides (holocellulose, peaks at 72 and 106 ppm) are dominant in the delignified humin in the upper layers of peat but diminish in relative concentration with depth. This trend was also observed in the spectra of humin in Figure 2. At depth, the polysaccharides are minor compared to the paraffinic carbons (peak at 30 ppm). Thus, the paraffinic structures in humin are resistant to sodium chlorite oxidation, and their relative increase in concentration with... 

Lindgren. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to hgnin. Svensk Papperstidn 74 57-63, 1971. 

In Suopajarvi s work [38], dicarboxylic acid nanocellulose [DCC] flocculants were produced by nanofibrillation of periodate and chlorite-oxidized celluloses with a homogenizer. The flocculation performance levels of five such anionic nanocelluloses with variable charge densities were examined in the coagulation-flocculation treatment of municipal wastewater and the results compared with the performance of a commercial coagulant and a synthetic... 

Fig. 4. Comparison of strain energy density at failure for four EVAs with the peel loads measured for backed strips of the polymers peeled from chlorite-oxidized copper ...

Chlorite-oxidized amylose (oxyamylose) has been found to possess a leukaemo-suppressive activity against established Friend virus leukaemia. ... 

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