Germanium chlorides

Germanium chlorides. GeCl4, m.p. —49°C, b.p. 86" C (Ge plus CI2) is hydrolysed by water. GeClj, colourless reducing agent (GeCU plus Ge). 

Arsenic(III) sulphide, As2S3 Discussion. The arsenic must be present as arsenic(III), In this condition [ensured by the addition of, for example, iron(II) sulphate, copper(I) chloride, pyrogallol, or phosphorous(III) acid] arsenic may be separated from other elements by distillation from a hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature of the vapour being held below 108 °C arsenic trichloride (also germanium chloride, if present) volatilises and is collected in water or in hydrochloric acid. 

In the United States, germanium is obtained as a by-product of zinc production from zinc blende ores. The ore is concentrated by the flotation process. Concentrated ore is then roasted, converting zinc and the impurity metals to their oxides. Heating the crude oxides with sodium chloride and coal converts germanium and other impurity metal oxides into their volatile chlorides. The chloride vapors are condensed and germanium chloride, GeCh, is separated from the condensate by fractional distillation. 

Germanium also is recovered from coal that contains this metal at trace concentrations. Coal ash and fine dusts are mixed with sodium carbonate, copper oxide, calcium oxide, and coal dust, and smelted. The crude oxide products are converted to their volatile chlorides. Germanium chloride is isolated from the condensate products hy fractional distillation. 

Why is a germanium chloride molecule, GeCl2, bent even though there are only two atoms surrounding the central germanium atom ... 

Concentrated hydrochloric acid also dissolves the trichloride, about 100 g. of the latter dissolving in 1 litre of acid at 100° C.7 Dissolution in hydriodic acid is accompanied by evolution of heat and the triiodide is formed.8 Ethyl iodide reacts similarly.9 Double decomposition reactions occur w hen arsenic trichloride is heated with phosphorus triiodide, stannic iodide or germanium iodide, the reactions being complete.10 Similarly, potassium iodide heated with arsenic trichloride in a sealed tube at 210° C., and potassium bromide at 180° to 200° C., form respectively arsenic triiodide and tribromide.11 Stannous chloride, added to the solution in hydrochloric acid, causes reduction to arsenic (see p. 29). Arsenic trichloride may be completely separated from germanium chloride by extraction with concentrated hydrochloric acid.12 Ammonium, sodium and cobaltic chlorides react with arsenic trichloride to form additive compounds with magnesium, zinc and chromic chlorides there is no reaction.13... 

Treatment of complex 73 with 1 equiv of aryl germanium chloride in pentane at — 20 °C afforded selectively a thermolabile four-membered ring 74 (Equation 15) <2006AGE5987>. 

Electrochemistry of organogermanium compounds is still insufficiently studied. However, a systematic electrochemical study of basic germanium chlorides HCieCh and GcCI4 was carried out41,42. The main principles of the electrode processes and the nature of the intermediates formed were determined. 

AgBr Silver bromide 7785-23-1 gas 5,620 1 1661 GeCI4 germanium chloride 10038-98-9 gas 0.000 1... 

Germanium in zinc ores is heated in the presence of chlorine gas. Germanium chloride (GeC ) is formed ... 

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