Chlorine dioxide alcohols

Under drinking water plant treatment conditions, humic materials and/ or resorcinol do not produce trihalomethanes with chlorine dioxide even when a slight excess of chlorine (1 percent to 2 percent) is present. Also, saturated aliphatic compounds are not reactive with chlorine dioxide. Alcohols are oxidized to the corresponding acids. 

Chlorine dioxide Mercury Nitric acid Alcohols (reference 2)... 

K. G. Thurnlackh and K. F. von Hayn prepared a mixed soln. of potassium chlorate and chlorite by the action of potassium hydroxide free from chlorine on a soln. of chlorine dioxide. Light was carefully excluded, and the soln. was evaporated in vacuo at 45°-50°—potassium chlorate separated out first, and after further evaporation, alcohol was added, and the clear alcoholic soln. evaporated. Needle-like crystals of potassium chlorite, KC102, were obtained which deliquesced on exposure to air. As already indicated in connection with the preparation of the acid, G. Bruni and G. Levi made the potassium chlorite by reducing a soln. of potassium chlorate with oxalic acid and A. Reychler, sodium chlorite, by the action of chlorine dioxide on a soln. of sodium peroxide. Sodium chlorite, NaClQ2, can be also made by double decomposition by treating a soln. of barium chlorite with sodium sulphate and evaporating the clear soln. in vacuo. 

G. S. Serullas treated potassium chlorate with an excess of hydrofluosilicic acid the clear liquid was decanted from the sparingly soluble potassium fluosilicate, the soln. evaporated below 30°, and filtered through glass powder J. J. Berzelius evaporated the acid liquid mixed with finely divided silica below 30° in air, or over cone, sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide in vacuo. The excess of hydrofluoric acid was volatilized as silicon fluoride, and the clear liquid was then filtered from the excess of silica. R. Bottger treated sodium chlorate with oxalic acid whereby sparingly soluble sodium oxalate was formed J. L. Wheeler, and T. B. Munroe treated sodium chlorate with hydrofluosilicic acid and M. Brandau treated potassium chlorate with aluminium sulphate and sulphuric acid and precipitated the alum so formed with alcohol. Chloric acid is formed in many reactions with hypochlorous and chlorous acid for example, it is formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine or hypochlorous or chlorous acid decomposes in light. It is also formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine dioxide stands in darkness or in light. A mixture of alkali chlorate and chlorite is formed when an aq. soln. of an alkali hydroxide is treated with chlorine dioxide. 

The reactivity of acidified chlorite solutions is reduced for bleaching some textiles by adding compounds like polyamines, pyrophosphates, and hydrogen peroxide that suppress the formation of chlorine dioxide (57). Another method is to buffer the solution at pH 5—6 to reduce the rate of chlorine dioxide formation. Hydrolysis of anhydrides and esters or oxidation of alcohols can be used to slowly generate acids to promote chlorine dioxide formation (58). Aldehydes also promote chlorine dioxide generation from neutral chlorite solutions, but the effect is greater than simply lowering the pH as they... 

In another method for isolating the carbohydrate fraction of wood, chlorine dioxide is used, instead of chlorine, and the lignin derivatives formed are extracted out with pyridine-water. This method was first reported by Schmidt and Graumann. Several years later, Jayme modified the procedure by using sodium chlorite and acetic acid in place of the explosive, chlorine dioxide gas. Jayme s method was subsequently modified by Wise and coworkers, " and, in this form, has been used extensively in the characterization of wood. The procedure may be applied directly to air-dried wood without previous extraction, except in the case of resinous woods, where a preliminary treatment with alcohol and ether is desirable. 

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