Chloride selective electrode

Other Elements. To determine chlorine, the sample is mixed with Eschka s mixture and burned to convert the chlorine to chloride or decomposed in an oxygen bomb (18). Chloride is determined by titration (D2361) or using a chloride selective electrode (D4208) (18) (see... 

Noborn [30] has studied the dynamic properties of chloride selective electrodes and their application to sea water. An Orion 94-17 electrode was used in these studies. 

Elemental composition Cr 32.84%, Cl 67.16%. Chromium(HI) chloride may be solubilized in water by a reducing agent and the aqueous solution may be analyzed for chromium by AA, ICP, or other instrumental techniques. Alternatively, the compound may be digested with nitric acid, brought into aqueous phase, diluted appropriately, and analyzed for the metal as above. The aqueous solution (when a nonchloride reducing agent is used for dissolution of the anhydrous compound in water) may be analyzed for chloride ion by ion chromatography or chloride-selective electrode. The water-soluble hexahydrate may be measured in its aqueous solution as described above. 

Ion-selective sensors for chloride are commercially available [103]. Both fundamental and practical information concerning the theory, design, and operation of chloride-selective electrodes is available from a recent textbook [57]. Sensor membranes for potentiometric chloride detection have been formed from Ag2 S (as ion... 

Figure 18.6—Example of a measurement by direct potentiometry. The slope for the chloride selective electrode has almost an ideal value. The dynamic range for most selective electrodes spans 4 to 6 orders of magnitude, depending on the ion.

Radu, A., Bakker, E., Shifting the measuring range of chloride selective electrodes and optodes based on the anticrown ionophore [9]mercuracarborand-3 by the addition of 1-decanethiol. Chemia Analityczna 2005, 50, 71-83. 

In activity tests, sections of the Zn composite were used as agitation paddles in a batch reactor and compared to granular zinc, which was loaded into a similar vessel with an inert agitator (Fig. 23). The reactors were charged with 1 L of water and sparged with nitrogen to remove dissolved oxygen. TCE was then added to a concentration of 1(X)0 ppm. A chloride selective electrode was used to monitor chloride ion formation as a function of reaction time. First order kinetics were assumed, and rate constants were calculated per mass of Zn. 

Electrolyte measurements in general toxicological studies are often confined to plasma sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++) see Chapter 1. Magnesium (Mg++) and anions such as inorganic phosphate, chloride (CF), bicarbonate (HCOj ), and lactate are measured less frequently the use of combination triple-ion (sodium/potassium/chloride) selective electrodes leads to a tendency to include the... 

Chloride selective electrode measurements were used to determine the stability constants of nickel(Il) chloride complexes at 25°C in 1.00 M NaC104 and 0.10 M HCIO4. The total chloride and metal ion concentrations ranged from 0.0003 - 0.01 M and 0.02 -0.04 M, respectively. The authors noted that the response of the chloride selective electrode was not linear below a chloride concentration of 0.2 mM. The effect of complex formation on the measured potential was rather modest (0.4 -1.1 mV), therefore we assigned a higher uncertainty to the formation constants than was reported by the authors. 

J. F. van Staden, A Coated Tubular Solid-State Chloride-Selective Electrode in Flow-Injection Analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 179 (1986) 407. 

J. F. van Staden, Flow-Injection Analysis of Chloride in Milk with a Di-alyzer and a Coated Tubular Inorganic Chloride-Selective Electrode. Anal. Lett., 19 (1986) 1407. 

In 1988, Dong et al. reported a chloride-ion selective electrode, prepared via electropolymerisation of pyrrole in the presence of LiCl [151]. The resultant polymer film was observed to give a Nernstian response to chloride, with a limit of detection of 3.5 x 10 M (said to be comparable to that of most other contemporary chloride-selective electrodes). Later, the same methodology was adapted to produce a chloride-selective microsensor, used to detect chloride in serum [152]. Both the ion-selective electrode and the microsensor... 

In practical terms, it is suggested that, in any application where the presence of halide ions may cause problems, the concentration of these be monitored to ensure the purity of ILs. The VoUhard procedure for halide ions or the use of a chloride-selective electrode are two methods which are well suited for the detection of amounts of hahde in the region of 100 ppm [9]. The advantage of the chemical procedure is the ability to detect any hahde anion. Recently ionic chromatography was developed to monitor the level of hahde in ILs [10,11]. The method enables a better detection of hahde impurities, as the authors claim a detection limit in the range of a few parts per million. 

For the determination of dissolution profiles of the samples the rotating-paddle method of USP 23 at 100 rpm was used (PTW2 dissolution test apparatus, Pharmatest Apparatebau, Hamburg). The studies were conducted in 900 ml dissolution media. The dissolution of potassium chloride was continuously monitored with a digital pH meter (Radelkis OP 211/1, Budapest), equipped with a chloride-selective electrode. 

Kinetic Investigations. Stock solutions of 1.42 g of and 1.92 g of 2 in 100 ml of either MSO or 1 1 v v dioxane DMSO were equilibrated at the reaction temperature. Aliquots (10 ml) of the substrate solutions were mixed with similarly equilibrated solutions of triethylamine, quinuclidine or tributylamine at a ratio which assured a 2 1 excess of amine to chloromethyl substituent. The reaction was terminated at the desired reaction time by adding 15 ml of 0.1 N HNO3. The ionic chloride content was assayed potentio-metrically with 0.025 N AgN03 using a chloride selective electrode to detect the end point. 

Cha MJ, Shin JH, Oh BK, Kim CY, Cha GS, Shin DS, et al. Asymmetric cellulose acetate membrane based carbonate selective and chloride selective electrodes. Analytica ChimicaActa 1995 315(3) 311-9. 

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