Chloride of antimony

Antimony chloride 4131 SbCl3 Antlmonloue chloride butter of antimony caustic antimony chloride of antimony sesqulclorlde of antimony terchlortde of antimony trichloride of antimony. 

Butter of Antimony. The liquid chloride of antimony commercially l own by this name, is usn y made by dissolving crude or roasted black antimony in muriatic acid with tho addition of a little nitric acid. It usually contains pemitrate of iron. 

Iodine Lotion. Tincture of iodine, I fluid ounce Iodide of iron, 12 grains chloride of antimony, 4 ounce. Mix for a wash. It is a reme( for corns. Apply with a smaLl brush. Or Iodine, 14 grains spirits of wine, 3 tea-spoonfuls. Dissolve, and add 1 pint of water. A most excellent wash for scrofulous sores. 

Brown Tint for Iron or B/ceL—Dissolve, in four parts water, two parts of cryatalized chloride of iron two parts of chloride of antimony and one part of gallic acid, and apply the solution with a sponge or doth to the barrel, letting it dry in a warm place. 

Sulfuryl chloride can be employed in conjunction with numerous chlorine carriers to effect substitution in either the ring or side chain. The chlorides of antimony, iron, molybdenum, and aluminum are valuable with sulfuryl chloride in effecting substitution in the ring. The chlorides of phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, manganese, arsenic, and bromine favor side-chain substitution. Sulfur accelerates both types of substitution. 

Chlorids of Antimony.— Antimony trichlorid—Protochlortd or butter of antimony—SbCla—226.5—is obtained by passing dry Cl over an excess of Sb. S> by dissolving SbjSa in HCl or by distilling mixtures, either of SbjS and mercuric chlorid, or of Sb and mercuric chlorid, or of antimonyl pyrosulfate and sodium, chlorid. 

Basil Valentine was well acquainted with the starred surface of pure metallic antimony, and remarked that the starred and the unstarred antimony had exactly the same composition, and that the starred one was due to the use of iron in its preparation while, in opposition to this idea, other chemists of the period traced the cause of the starred one to the favourable conjunction of stars. He also knew that antimony did not possess the full character of a metal, and for this reason he called it lead of antimony. Furthermore, he noticed that spiessglas contained sulphur, and he was acquainted with sulphur aura turn (a mixture of SbjSj and 8 285). He gave distinct recipes for the preparation of antimony trichloride (butter of antimony), powder of algaroth (basic chloride of antimony), antimony trioxide, potas.sic antimoniate. In his time antimony was used for the preparation of printers type, mirrors, and bells, and was also used as medicine. 

When a timony sulphide, taken in excess, is heated in a current of chlorine, the resulting product is a mixture of two chloi ides, chlorido of sulphur and chloride of antimony, which can be separated by fractional distillation. 

With chloride of phosphorus it forms chloride of antimony and sulphide of phosphorus, and also sulphophosphoride of antimony (Brandimont). 

Antimony Sulph-haloids.—When the trisulphide is dissolved in a solution of chloride of antimony, the sulphochloride is formed but it has not been possible to i.solate it Schneider). The brown mass is crystalline and is strongly hygroscopic. The important sulpho chlorides are —... 

M. E. MathievrFlessy writes thus — The product to which I give the name vermilion of antimony is the result of a new modification of the sulphide of antimony which I obtain from the decomposition of hyposulphite of soda in the presence of chloride of antimony. 

I refer to the orange-yellow sulphide, produced by the reaction of sulphuretted hydrogen upon the proto-chloride of antimony, the black native sulphide, and the brown-red sulphide, a modification of the preceding one, which was observed for the first time by Fuchs, and has recently been studied by Mr Rose. 

It is not sufl cient, however, to put the proto-chloride of antimony and the hyposulphide of soda in contact with each other to obtain the sulphide of antimony with all the brightness which it is able to acquire. In order always to arrive at the desired result, I have been obliged to make numerous trials and to vary the proportions of the reagents and the temperature. At last I have succeeded in finding out a process which is satisfactory in regard to the quality of the product and the facility of its preparation. 

M. E. Kopp says — The sulphide of antimony, according to its physical state and Its mode of preparation, may present very varied colorations. It is crystalline and black-gray in the native state. When kept in the molten state for a long time and suddenly cooled, it becomes hyacinth-red. Precipitated by sulphuretted hydrogen from an antimonic solution, it is of an orange colour more or less red. In the kermes state it is red-brown. Lastly, when obtained from the reaction of a soluble hyposulphite upon the chloride of antimony, its red colour is more or less bright, and more or less orange or crimson, in accordance with the temperature employed and the concentration of the liquors. 

AH of these methods are based upon the employment of hyposulphite of soda and chloride of antimony in quite concentrated solutions, and they present various inconveniences. 

Preparation of the Chloride of Antimony.—The decomposition of the sulphide by HCl is very easy in experimental laboratories, but the operation presents great difficulties when we have to work upon large quantities of materials. 

Preparation of Vermilion of Antimony.—The red sulphide of antimony is prepared with the above solutions of chloride of antimony and of hyposulphite of lime. 

When the pressure of the boilers has reached two or three atmospheres, the tanks are filled with the solution of hyposulphite of lime up to seven-eighths of their height. We then pour the solution of chloride and antimony into the first tank, 2 or 3 litres at a time. There is formed a white precipitate which is rapidly dissolved at the beginning but when solution becomes slow, even when the liquor is stirred, the addition of chloride of antimony is discontinued, because there should always be a certain excess of hyposulphite of lime. 

As the solution of chloride of antimony always contains a large proportion of chloride of iron, it becomes easy to watch the working of this latter operation. All the iron remains in solution in the mother-liquors of the sulphide of antimony but as soon as these are brought in contact with sulphide of calcium the insoluble sulphide of iron is formed. As long as the black precipitate remains, the. mother-liquors, charged with sulphurous acid, have not been added... 

Properties of the Vermilion of Antimony.—The vermilion of antimony is in the state of a very fine powder, without taste or smell, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, or essential oils. It is but little acted upon by the weak acids, even when concentrated, or by the powerful inorganic acids which have been diluted with water. It stands the latter acids better than the ordinary sulphide of antimony. Concentrated and hot hydrochloric acid dissolves it, with formation of sulphuretted hydrogen and chloride of antimony. Nitric acid oxidises it, with the production of sulphuric and antimonic acids. The vermilion of antimony is not sensibly acted upon by ammonia or the alkaline carbonates on the other hand, the powerful caustic alkalies, such as potash, soda, baryta, strontia, and lime, decompose it and form combinations which are colourless, or nearly so. The colour is therefore destroyed consequently this pigment should not be mixed with alkaline substances. A high temperature blackens it, and should the heat be such as to melt it, it becomes ordinary svilphide of antimony. 

Is readily obtained by dissol ving 1 part of sulphuret of antimony in 5 parts of hydrochloric acid (see above), and distilling the solution, until the volatile part becomes semisolid on cooling the receiver is then changed, and what passes over afterwards is pure anhydrous chloride of antimony. It is a soft deliquescent solid, formerly called butter of antimony. When mixed with water, it is decomposed as mentioned above,... 

Luberoff et al. [490] employed as initiators metal salts such as chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, and nitrate of mercury(II) the chloride, bromide, and iodide of bismuth and the chloride of antimony. The mechanism of polymerization with these initiator systems is still unknown, but the experimental results show that the systems are neither Friedel-Crafts nor free-radical catalysts. 

Findy powdered metallic antimony thrown into ajar riflwine gives rise to a shower of brilliant simrks, chloride of antimony being produced. If flie jar be placed on the table ovw a powerful down>dran all risk of eeeaph flunes will be avoided... 

A Zoologieal Transformation llydrc n sulphide if allowed to act upon a surface painted witli chloride of antimony (itself invisible) has the effect of gving it an orange tint, and of imparting to a surface coated with a basic acetate of lead solution (also invisible) a black tint. 

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