Chlorine carrier

Chlor-siure, /. chloric acid. -sMureanhydrid, n. chloric anhydride, chlorine(V) oxide, -schwefel, n. sulfur chloride (esp. the monochloride). -silber, n. silver chloride, -sili-cium, n. silicon tetrachloride, -soda, /. = Chlornatron. -stickstoff, m. nitrogen chloride. -Strom, m. stream of chlorine, -strontium, n. strontium chloride, -suifonsaure, /. chlorosulfonic acid, chlorosulfuric acid, -toluol, n. chlorotoluene. -fibertrager, m. chlorine carrier. 

Another important burning type of smoke generator is the HC smoke mixt which has been prepd with a number of combinations of Zn with a chlorine carrier to form, on combustion, Zn chloride. For example,... 

Action of Chlorine on Carbon Disulphide.3—Carbon disulphide is only slightly attacked by chlorine at ordinary temperatures, but in the presence of a chlorine carrier such as iodine, a reaction takes place with the ultimate formation of carbon tetrachloride. The following intermediate products have also been isolated ... 

Anhydrous ferric chloride is the most satisfactory chlorine carrier. The commercial material is heated under reduced pressure in a round-bottomed flask through which a gentle stream of dry chlorine or hydrogen chloride is drawn. When the material begins to sublime, it is transferred to a botde with a tight glass stopper. 

Hydrochloric acid is without action on gold, but addition of a small quantity of ferric chloride causes the gold to dissolve, the ferric salt presumably acting as a chlorine-carrier 2 in the presence of hydrochloric acid and oxygen. Salts of iron are frequently used in organic chemical processes as halogen-carriers.3... 

Use Analysis (testing for alkaloids and cesium), dyeing intermediates, as chlorine carrier in organic chlorinations. 

Properties White, crystalline solid. D 2.35, decomposes at 100C. Decomposes in water and alcohol not hygroscopic. Practically clear in water solution. Stable chlorine carrier. An oxidizer. 

Chlorinated Lime. Bleaching powder. Improperly called chloride of lime or calcium oxychloride". A relatively unstable chlorine carrier in solid form a complex chemical compd of indefinite composition, presumably con -sisting of varying proportions of Ca(OCI), CaClj, Ca(OH)2 and HjO in its molecular structure. Maximum available chlorine content approaches 39%. Commercial products usually range between 24% and 37% of available chlorine. 

Sulfuryl chloride can be employed in conjunction with numerous chlorine carriers to effect substitution in either the ring or side chain. The chlorides of antimony, iron, molybdenum, and aluminum are valuable with sulfuryl chloride in effecting substitution in the ring. The chlorides of phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, manganese, arsenic, and bromine favor side-chain substitution. Sulfur accelerates both types of substitution. 

Antimony pentachloride is an excellent chlorine carrier. It has been useej extensively in the past for the manufacture of tetrachloroethane, ethylenjb dichloride, and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, but most of these chlorinations have been converted to ferric chloride procedures. 

Bromine and iodine, because of their capacity to form mixed halogens, e.g., BrCl, BrFs, and ICl which have a low energy of activation, are excellent halogenation catalysts. In general, it can be stated that small quantities of iodine and bromine are frequently added along with other less costly chlorine carriers, and the literature records numerous examples of such halogenations. 

Thorium metal powder has recently been produced in the U.K. - on a scale of at least 6 kg per batch by an all-chloride electrolytic route, and information is available upon which a large-scale process could be based. Thorium tetrachloride is first produced in situ in an inert melt composed of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in eutectic proportions. Thorium dioxide and carbon are reacted with gaseous chlorine under the surface of the melt at a temperature of about 800°C in the presence of a ferric chloride catalyst. The catalyst is added as iron powder or pyrite (FeSg) in quantity equal to about 4 per cent of the weight of thoria. The ferric chloride, once formed, behaves as a chlorine carrier in the melt, by virtue of its ready reduction to ferrous chloride and subsequent rechlorination back to ferric chloride in contact with chlorine, i.e. 

Chem. Descrip. surfactants, org. chlorine carrier, filler Chem. Analysis Available chlorine 4%... 

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