Chloride hydrocarbonate

The aluminum chloride is handled, in this case, as an approximately 9% solution in relatively inert molten antimony trichloride the solution has a solidification point of about 170° F. (10). As in the other processes, a small amount of liquid aluminum chloride-hydrogen chloride-hydrocarbon complex is continuously formed. 

Isomerization catalysts were developed along two paths—by Friedel-Crafts halide systems or by dual site heterogeneous catalysts, originating with the commercial introduction of platinum-aluminas for catalytic reforming in the 1940,s. The Friedel-Crafts systems (aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complexes) were used exclusively during the early stages of... 

Isomate process a continuous, nonregenerative process for isomerizing C5-C8 normal paraffinic hydrocarbons, using aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon catalyst with anhydrous hydrochloric acid as a promoter. 

In certain reactions, such as the isomerization of butane and the alkylation of isoparaffins, problems of handling hydrogen chloride and acidic sludge are encountered. The corrosive action of the aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complex, particularly at 70 to 100°C, has long been recognized and various reactor liners have been found satisfactory. 

Stannic chloride Hydrocarbons, halogenated Strong, very versatile... 

Fig. 10. Distribution of aluminum chloride between pentane and aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complex. Temperature, 212°F.

Fig. 27. Example of corrosion in processes using aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complex as catalyst. Corrosion resulting from agitated pool of complex in bottom of line. The penetration rate of 5.3 in./yr. was determined during 455 hours of operation.

Calcium chloride. Hydrocarbons, halides, ethers, esters Hydroxy and amino compounds High below 30° Medium 0.40... 

Utilization of Liberated Hydrogen Chloride. Preparation of Alkyl Halides. By causing the hydrogen chloride split off in direct chlorinations to react with compatible alcohols, it is not necessary to employ oxidants to obtain a maximum utilization of the chlorine introduced. Thus, methanol can be introduced into the chamber containing hydrogen chloride, hydrocarbon, and chlorinated hydrocarbon and is converted to methyl chloride. The principal reactions involved may be represented as follows ... 

By catalytic alkylation with hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid, or aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complexes, all in the liquid phase. 

The experiments were made as follows 72 g. aluminum chloride or its equivalent as aluminum chloride-hydrocarbon complex were placed in the reactor, usually with 11. naphtha, and sealed into the reactor. Hydrogen was added in the higher temperature runs until the total reactor pressure was 41 atmospheres at room temperature. In experiments at 21°, anhydrous aluminum bromide was used as the catalyst in an effort to establish the equilibrium more rapidly. 

Zinc hydrogen chloride Hydrocarbons from ketones... 

Lithiumihromobenzene cohaltous chloride Hydrocarbons from bromides—Dimerization... 

In the first stage, a Friedel-Crafts reaction is carried out by treating benzene with ethylene in the liquid phase at 90—100°C at slightly above atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is aluminium chloride (with ethyl chloride as catalyst promoter). A molar excess of benzene is used to reduce the formation of poly ethylbenzenes the molar ratio of reactants is generally about 1 0.6. The reactants are fed continuously into the bottom of a reactor whilst crude product is removed from near the top. The product is cooled and allowed to separate into two layers the lower layer, which consists of an aluminium chloride-hydrocarbon complex, is removed and returned to the reactor. The remaining ethylbenzene is then separated by distillation from polyethylbenzenes and benzene, which are recycled. 

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