Alicyclic hydrocarbons chloride

Chemical/Physical. Incomplete combustion of propane in the presence of excess hydrogen chloride resulted in a high number of different chlorinated compounds including, but not limited to alkanes, alkenes, monoaromatics, alicyclic hydrocarbons, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Without hydrogen chloride, 13 nonchlorinated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were formed (Eklund et al, 1987). 

A significant number of works are concerned with the development of new membranes for the separation of mixtures of aromatic/alicyclic hydrocarbons [10,11,77-109]. For example, the following works can be mentioned. A mixture of cellulose ester and polyphosphonate ester (50 wt%) was used for benzene/cyclohexane separation [113]. High values of the separation factor and flux were achieved (up to 2 kg/m h). In order to achieve better fluxes and separation factors the attention was shifted to the modification of polymers by grafting technique. Grafted membranes were made of polyvinylidene fluoride with 4-vinyl pyridine or acrylic acid by irradiation [83]. 2-Hydroxy-3-(diethyl-amino) propyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer membranes with cyanuric chloride were prepared, which exhibited a superior separation factor /3p= 190 for a feed aromatic component concentration of 20 wt%. Graft copolymer membranes based on 2-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-methylacrylate with thickness 10 pm were prepared [85]. The membranes yielded a flux of 0.7 kg/m h (for feed with 50 wt% of benzene) and excellent selectivity. Benzene concentration in permeate was about 100 wt%. A membrane based on polyvinyl alcohol and polyallyl amine was prepared [87]. For a feed containing 10 wt% of benzene the blend membrane yielded a flux of 1-3 kg/m h and a separation factor of 62. 

Detection of certain types of compounds (for example, of an aromatic skeleton). If the compound trasmits radiation (b < 1) between 220 and 800 nm, it may well be an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon, amine, nitrile, alcohol, ether, alkyl chloride, or alkyl fluoride, but the presence of conjugated double bonds, the carbonyl group, nitro group, bromine, or iodine is excluded. The detection of the aromatic nucleus in an unknown sample is carried out by measuring the absorption in the ultraviolet region of ethanolic, cyclohexane, or /i-hexane solutions of various concentrations (10 -10 mole/liter). 

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