Chloride cadmium, reaction with

The most common application of organocadmium compounds has been in the preparation of ketones by reaction with acyl chlorides. A major disadvantage of the use of organocadmium reagents is the toxicity and environmental problems associated with use of cadmium, and this has limited the recent use of organocadmium reagents. 

These materials, generally prepared from the corresponding Grignard reagents by the addition of cadmium chloride, provide a milder reagent system than the Grignard that allows selectivity in reaction with phosphorus trichloride (Equation 4.21).34-43-63... 

Reactions with mineral acids produce their cadmium salts. With hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, the products are cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate and cadmium nitrate, respectively ... 

Many organocadmium compounds are known but few have been of commercial importance. Wanklyn first isolated diethyl cadmium in 1856. The properties of this and other dialkylcadmiums are listed in Table 4. In general, these materials are prepared by reaction of an anhydrous cadmium halide with a Grignard or alkyUithium reagent followed by distillation of the volatile material in an inert atmosphere or in vacuo. Only the liquid dimethyl compound is reasonably stable and then only when stored in a sealed tube. Dimethylcadmium is mildly pyrophoric in air and produces dense clouds of white, then brown, cadmium oxide smoke, which is highly toxic if breathed (45). When dropped into water, the liquid sinks in large droplets that decompose with a series of small explosive jerks and pops. For this reason, and particularly because of the low thermal stability, most dialkylcadmium materials are prepared and used in situ without separation, eg, in the conversion of acid chlorides to speciality ketones (qv) ... 

Cadmium chromium(III) selenide can be prepared by the direct combination of the elements or by the reaction of cadmium selenide with chromium(III) selenide. Crystals of cadmium chro-mium(III) selenide have been prepared by flux growth1 in cadmium chloride, by vapor transport,2 and by a liquid-transport method3 with a platinum metal catalyst. The synthesis given... 

X-5 The reaction of a cadmium Grignard reagent (R2Cd) with an acid chloride. This reaction requires the formation or a cadmium Grignard which can be formed as shown below... 

Salem et al. [48] reported simple and accurate methods for the quantitative determination of flufenamic, mefenamic and tranexamic acids utilizing precipitation reactions with cobalt, cadmium and manganese. The acidic drugs were precipitated from their neutral alcoholic solutions with cobalt sulfate, cadmium nitrate or manganese chloride standard solutions followed by direct determination of the ions in the precipitate or indirect determination of the ions in the filtrate by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The optimum conditions for precipitation were carefully studied. The molar ratio of the reactants was ascertained. Statistical analysis of the results compared to the results of the official methods revealed equal precision and accuracy. The suggested procedures were applied for determining flufenamic, mefenamic and... 

It is interesting to note that production of bis(chlorosilyl)methanes was the lowest at temperature below 280 °C and increased at temperatures above, probably due to increased decomposition of the reactant. The percentage of polymeric carbosilanes obtained was 11% and comparable with the literature value for the reaction with chloroform.23 The amounts and distribution of trisilylmethane products were measured using ratios of hydrogen chloride/6b ranging from 2 to 8 in the presence of copper catalyst with cadmium promoter at 280 °C. 

Perfluoroalkynylcopper reagents can be prepared by metathesis reactions with the zinc or cadmium reagent (e.g., formation of 6) or by treatment of terminal (perfluoroalkyl)acetylenes with copper(I) chloride/ammonium hydroxide. Perfluoroalkynylcopper reagents react with... 

Attempts were made to extend the r,(7-transfer of allyl ligand from palladium to other, metals (fdf) (magnesium, copper, zinc, cadmium, and liquid gallium). It has been found that these metals do not form their respective allyl derivatives in reaction with rr-allyl-palladium chloride. 

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