Chlorex process

Chlorex Process (0,/3 -Dichloroethyl Ether). The Chlorex process developed by Standard Oil (Indiana) (8) was patented in 1934. The first commercial plant to be put into operation was at Casper, Wyo., in June 1932. By August 1936 there were seven commercial plants in operation with a total throughput of 6150 barrels daily. 

The Chlorex process utilizes simple countercurrent mixing and settling tanks (four to seven stages) or modern vertical packed towers. Solvent recovery involves conventional flash columns and strippers operated under vacuum (26 to 28 inches of mercury) at about 300° to 325° F. Low temperatures are desirable to minimize decomposition and formation of hydrochloric acid. 

Chlorex process a process for extracting lubricating-oil stocks in which the solvent used is Chlorex ( 3- -dichlorodiethyl ether). 

Ci2-Cig olefins are prepared by a modified Ziegler a-olefin process based on ethylene and triethylaluminum. The process consists of five steps buildup, displacement, separation, alkylation, and recycle. The major chemical and economic problems encountered are wide molecular weight distribution of the products and incomplete recovery of triethylaluminum. Catalysts consisting of alkyl-aluminums and colloidal nickel are needed for the alkylation-displacement steps however, the omount of nickel has to be very low because in the other process steps, nickel favors side reactions. The yield of a-olefins in the C 2" i8 creased by using coordination compounds of triethylaluminum with a Lewis base followed by azeotropic distillation. In the Chlorex process, (bis-a-chloroethyl) ether is used because of easy availability and low cost. 

Chlorex Process. An even higher percentage of a-olefins can be placed in the C12 to Cjg chain length range, when following a second method of carrying out the a-olefin process. This method is based on the ability of TEA to form coordination compounds with a Lewis base (i,2). 

Chlorex Process (9, 13, 37o, 70, 133). Chlorex ( 3,jS -dichloroethyl ether) is especially suited for refining Pennsylvania oils since oil solubility in the solvent is fairly high, although it is used successfully on Mid-Continent residua provided that these have been deasphalted prior to solvent treatment. Relatively low temperatures (< 100°F.) are customarily used which may then require that dewaxing be carried out prior to refining, although in at least one instance refining is done in the presence of wax in... 

Raffmafe Extract Fig. 11.15. Simplified flowsheet, Chlorex process. 

Chlorex (1) A process for extracting lubricating oil stocks from petroleum fractions using 0,0-dichloro diethyl ether. Chlorex is also the trademark for this compound. Developed by Standard Oil Company (Indiana) in the early 1930s and used until the 1960s. 

Chlorex (2) A process for removing hydrogen chloride from hydrocarbons by aqueous alkaline extraction, using a bundle of hollow fibers. Developed by the Meridiem Company, Houston, TX and used in three installations in Japan in 1991. 

Solvents used in commercial operations at the present time are furfural, phenol, cresylic acid, Chlorex, nitrobenzene, and sulfur dioxide. The Duosol process utilizes a solvent called Selecto which is a mixture of phenol and cresylic acid. The propane used in the Duosol process precipitates the asphalt (18). 

Thus, given a stream containing TEA, Chlorex, and C12 to C14 olefins, the dodecene, tetradecene, and a portion of the TEA feed can be removed overhead from the remainder of the TEA. When producing detergent-range olefins, the TEA-olefin stream is of such a composition that 60 to 70% of the TEA recycle will remain in the still pot after removal of tetradecene as a ternary azeotrope. This means that sufiicient TEA, freed of dodecene and tetradecene, will be available for use in the alkylation reaction. A recycle process for the production of... 

Since the solvents employed must be insoluble or nearly so in the hydrocarbon feed, process development necessarily focused on solvents with polar structures. The solvents that eventually achieved significant commercial use (Figure 6.1 and Table 6.1) are liquid sulfur dioxide (I), nitrobenzene (II), phenol (III), cresylic acid (o-, m-, p-cresol) (IV), p,P-dichloroethylether (Chlorex,V), furfural (VI), and n-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP, VII). The Duo-Sol process2 employs a... 

Single-solvent Processes. Extraction solvents j8,/3 -dichloroethyl ether (Chlorex), furfural, nitrobenzene, phenol. Precipitative solvent propane. 

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