Chitosan glutamate

Borchard, G. LueBen, H.L. deBoer, A. G. Verhoef, J. C. Lehr, C.-M. Junginger, H.E., The potential of mucoadhesive polymers in enhancing intestinal peptide drug absorption. Ill Effects of chitosan-glutamate and carbomer on epithelial tight junctions in vitro, j. Control. Rel. 39, 131-138 (1996). 

Portero A, Remunanlopez C, Vilajato JL. Effects of chitosan and chitosan glutamate enhancing the dissolution properties of the poorly water soluble drug nifedipine. Int J Pharm 1998 175 75-84. 

Remunan-Lopez C, Bodmeier R (1997) Mechanical, water uptake and permeability properties of crosslinked chitosan glutamate and alginate films. J Control Rel 44 215-225... 

There has been a report on chitosan utility in improving the intranasal absorption of high-molecular-weight (>10-kDa) therapeutic protein. Chitosan glutamate powder blend or granules with recombinant hGH have been evaluated for intranasal administration in sheep. Relative to subcutaneous injection the nasal formulations produced bioavailabilities of 14 and 15%, respectively [77],... 

Smith J M, Dornish M, Wood E J (2005). Involvement of protein kinase C in chitosan glutamate-mediated tight junction disruption. Biomaterials. 26 3269-3276. 

Chitosan [low MW (ISOkDa) medium MW (400kDa) high MW (600kDa) Ruka] Chitosan glutamate (Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co. Ltd., CAS, 95% deacylated,... 

Dne to the donble effects on plants as plant-growth regulators and induction of plant defensive systems, chitosan and chitosan oligomer were used for plant tissue cultivation by supplement into cultivation media. The experiment was done with the addition of 10, 50, and 90 mg of chitosan glutamate per liter of the cultivation medium used for somatic anbryo-derived plantlet of carrot (Daucus carota L) it was shown that the addition of 100 mg of chitosan glutamate per liter of the medium led to a relatively high somatic embryo-derived plantlet conversion 4 weeks after fluid drilling, and this conversion was also sustained until 7 weeks (Kitto et al. 1991). 

Other derivatives and chitosan salts, such as chitosan lactate, chitosan aspartate, chitosan glutamate, and chitosan hydrochloride, were also shown to be good candidates for nasal sustained release of, for example, the antibiotic vancomycin hydrochloride [87]. In addition, chitosan microparticles with diphtheria toxoid (DT) for nasal administration were produced. These microparticles administration resulted in a protective systemic and local immune response against DT with enhanced IgG production. The induction of serum IgG responses were similar to secretory IgA levels, and are superior to parenteral administration of the vaccine [88]. 

Techaarpomkul et al. compared gene silencing efficiency in HeLa cells with different chitosan salt forms, including chitosan aspartate, chitosan glutamate. 

---