Chiral liquid chromatography method

Bakhtiar, R., Ramos, L., and Tse, F.L.S., Quantification of methylphenidate in rat, rabbit and dog plasma using a chiral liquid-chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. Application to toxicokinetic studies, Anal. Chim. Acta, 469, 261, 2002. 

Sanger-van de Griend, C. E., Wahlstrom, H., Groningsson, K., and Widahl-Nasman, M. (1997). A chiral capillary electrophoresis method for ropivacaine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations validation and comparison with chiral liquid chromatography. /. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15(8), 1051-1061. 

A particularly attractive feature of GC, one that distinguishes it from liquid chromatography methods, is the lack of a sensitive dependence on solvents, modifiers, and gradient elution systems. Prerequisites for the use of GC, however, are volatility, thermostability, and resolvability of the chiral analyte. Obviously, this restricts the utility of the method. 

Allenmark and Claeson have reported that the enantiomers of a symmetric spirosulfurane 2 have been obtained by direct resolution of the racemate by chiral liquid chromatography, and further characterized by chiroptical methods [64]. 

Chen, I, Korfmacher, W.A., Hsieh, Y. (2005) Chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric methods for stereoisomeric pharmaceutical determinations. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 820,1-8. 

The development of rapid, simple liquid chromatography methods for the assay of enantiomeric purity has perhaps been the most important development in the analysis of chiral compounds in the last... 

Chiral Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methods. 69... 

Mitchell CR, Armstrong DW (2004) Cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography methods in molecular biology. Chiral Separations Methods Protocols 243 61-112... 

Despite the difficulties caused by the rapidly expanding literature, the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) as the method of choice for analysis or preparation of enantiomers is today well established and has become almost routine. It results from the development of chiral chromatographic methods that more than 1000 chiral stationary phases exemplified by several thousands of enantiomer separations have been described for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 

Racemic mixtures of sulfoxides have often been separated completely or partially into the enantiomers. Various resolution techniques have been used, but the most important method has been via diastereomeric salt formation. Recently, resolution via complex formation between sulfoxides and homochiral compounds has been demonstrated and will likely prove of increasing importance as a method of separating enantiomers. Preparative liquid chromatography on chiral columns may also prove increasingly important it already is very useful on an analytical scale for the determination of enantiomeric purity. 

These is no formal method of categorizing the types of chiral stationary phases available for liquid chromatography (784). This diversity is both a strength, in providing a wide range of possibilities to solve a particular problem, and a weakness in that it is often difficult to predict which phase will be most useful for solving a particular problem. Compilations of commercially available chiral stationary phases and their proven applications are available (780-785). As new phases continue to be introduced at a hectic pace only a brief overview of their properties will be attempted here. 

Capillary electrophoresis employing chiral selectors has been shown to be a useful analytical method to separate enantiomers. Conventionally, instrumental chiral separations have been achieved by gas chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography.127 In recent years, there has been considerable activity in the separation and characterization of racemic pharmaceuticals by high performance capillary electrophoresis, with particular interest paid to using this technique in modem pharmaceutical analytical laboratories.128 130 The most frequently used chiral selectors in CE are cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, bile acids, and protein-filled... 

Walters, R.R., Buist, S.C. (1998). Improved enantioselective method for the determination of the enantiomers of reboxetine in plasma by solid-phase extraction, chiral derivitization, and column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 828, 167-176. 

Because of the instability of cyanohydrins, the characterization of cyanohydrins mostly should be hydroxyl protected. In 2001, Gerrits et al. [26] investigated the influence of solvent composition on the stability of unprotected cyanohydrins and then described a method to analyze unprotected cyanohydrins (with regard to enantiomeric purity and conversion) via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hernandez et al. [27] and the groups... 

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