Chiller tubes

Figure 4.29 Corroded internal surface of a copper chiller tube. The light-colored deposits are primarily iron oxides and silicates reddish material is cuprous oxide.

Pitting Corrosion of 90/10 Cupronickel Chiller Tubes The cupronickel tubes in a water chiller suffered from severe corrosion damage during their relatively short service life (28). Figure 5.34 shows the top section of the condenser where a... 

Pinhole perforations were discovered in the walls of chiller condenser tubes of an air-conditioning system. Close laboratory examination of the internal surfaces of affected tubes revealed distinct patches of small pits (Fig. 12.18) and pit sites aligned along longitudinal mandrel marks and fine scratches (Fig. 12.19). In some locations, transversely oriented pit sites that were aligned with the locations of the fins on the external surface branched off the primary longitudinal pit alignment (Fig. 12.20). 

Figure 10-10I. Koro-Chil corrugated tube, used primarily for D-X water-type chillers, water-cooled outside, refrigerant expanding/boiling inside. (Used by permission Wolverine Tube, Inc.)...

The kettle unit used in the reboiling service usually has an internal weir to maintain a fixed liquid level and tube coverage. The bottoms draw-off is from the weir section. The reboiling handled in horizontal thermosiphon units omits the disengaging space because the liquid-vapor mixture should enter the distillation tower where disengaging takes place. The chiller often keeps the kettle design but does not use the weir because no liquid bottoms draw off when a refrigerant is vaporized. 

Artificial ice rinks are frozen shallow ponds, formed and maintained using a brine in tubes buried under the surface. Tubes may be steel or plastic for a permanent rink or plastic for a temporary installation. The brine temperature within the pipes will be about - 11°C, and must be lower for rinks in the open air, owing to high solar radiation loads. Packaged liquid chillers are now generally used, and will be transportable, complete with brine pumps and other apparatus, for temporary installations. 

The large scale of slurry ice storage system is installed in Kyoto station building. The building of 237,689 m2 floor area is air conditioned with 4 absorption chillers of 5,830 kW and slurry ice tank of 1,700 m3. Sub cooled water is projected into tube shape inlet where ice is made by release from sub cooling state. Slurry ice is conveyed to separate tanks through a pipe (Figure 192). 

The pumps deliver the most accurate flow of the carbon dioxide if it is pumped in the liquid state. Since that is the case, if there is a great distance between the tank and the pump then a chiller is usually placed so that the tubing containing the carbon dioxide from the tank can be cooled maintaining the carbon dioxide in the liquid state. Most commercially available pumps operate at high enough pressures that the pump heads or pump bodies do not need ancillary cooling, but older models frequently required a chiller that provided a circulation of cold... 

Alternatively, a purpose-built dispenser can be used. One counter-top system stores a BiB container of concentrate in a refrigerated compartment above a water chiller. Concentrate is transferred directly to the dispense valve by a peristaltic pump acting on a tube that is replaced with every BiB. This ensures that the only permanent part of the equipment contacting the juice is the valve. 

CTL Report, Forensic Analysis of Condenser Tubes from York Chiller in Ottawa,... 

In these types of heat exchangers the two fluids are separated by the tube walls. As one fluid flows through the shell— the region outside the tubes — the other fluid flows through the tubes. Heat transfer occurs so as to cool, and perhaps even condense, the hotter fluid, and heat, and even vaporize, the cooler fluid. Heat exchangers are called by various names depending on their function such as chillers, condensers, coolers, heaters, reboilers, steam generators, vaporizes, waste heat boilers, and so on. 

Pump could not maintain flow >0.8 ACFM CO was entering pump as gas instead of liquid Installed tubing insulation, heat exchanger and chiller... 

Functional Definitions Heat-transfer equipment can be designated by type (e.g., fixed tube sheet, outside packed head, etc.) or by function (chiller, condenser, cooler, etc.). Almost any type of unit can be used to perform any or all of the Usted functions. Many of these terms have been defined by Donahue [Pet. Process., 103 (March 1956)]. 

The thermodynamics of this process are described in detail in references (67 —72, 80,81). Let us examine a typical methanol injection system. In a typical methanol injection and recovery system for a cold-oil absorption or turboexpander plant, feed gas passes through a free-water knockout drum and into a gas-gas exchanger with methanol being sprayed on exchanger tube-sheets. Methanol inhibits hydrate formation and aqueous methanol condenses in the exchanger (and the chiller following it) and is pumped to a primary separator. The methanol-water solution is then flashed in a flash drum and filtered into a methanol still to recover methanol. Normally, methanol dissolves in the hydrocarbon liquids and is distilled as a mixture of propane and methanol. Some of the methanol is recovered as the overhead product to recover the methanol dissolved in the heavier solution, the bottoms of the methanol still (propane product or hydrocarbon liquids from the demethanizer)... 

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