Children behavior

N. M., and Ernst, M. (1993) Naltrexone in autistic children— behavioral symptoms and attentional learning./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32 1283-1291. 

Improving iodine intake during pregnancy would be a very cheap and easier option in preventing this condition, which affects childrens behavior in the community and also their educational attainment. 

Healthy beliefs and clear standards— The people to whom children are bonded need to have clear, positive standards for behavior. The content of these standards is what protects young people. When parents, teachers, and communities set clear standards for childrens behavior, when the standards are widely and con-sistendy supported, and when the consequences for not following the standards are consistent, the young people are more likely to follow the standards. 

Beside learning tests and questionnaires, we collected qualitative data by observing children behavior and by interviewing the teachers. During play, an observer sat side-by-side each child and took notes about his behavior (voice comments, movements, strategies, interaction mistakes, focus of attention,...) on a structured evaluation form. Interviews with teachers were held some days after the test sessions, and mainly attempted to get insights about learning benefits at attitude level. 

Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale. The Devereux Child Behavior Rating Scale contains 97 items and is similar to the Devereux Teacher Scale. It is used for emotionally disturbed and mentally retarded children aged 8 to 12 years. Besides being easy to use, this scale is well researched and discussed in the literature. It requires 10 to 20 minutes to complete by clinicians, child care workers, parents, or others and gives 17 scores. There is a Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale for children from ages 13 to 18. 

Another set of tools that could be utilized are brief rating scales. DSM-IV mandates that ADHD symptoms must be present in at least two settings. For children and adolescents, school is invariably one of the two settings. To get a sense of the comparative problems in school versus those at home, psychiatrists often use rating scales that can be completed by both parents and one or more teachers. The Conners Teacher Rating Scale, Conners Parent Rating Scale, and the Child Behavior Checklist are the most commonly nsed scales to evalnate the symptoms of ADHD. 

Richardson. Effects of prenatal mari- CS423 juana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000 22(3) 325-336. CS424... 

Achenbach, T.M. and Edelbrock, C.S. (1983) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont. 

Internalizing factor of Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), Child Behavior Checklist (CELL), or Teacher Report Form (TRF)... 

Nisonger Child Behavior 2 prosocial and 6 problem P, T Aman et al., 1996 Tasse et al.,... 

Preschoolers Child Behavior Checklist/ 2-3 100 items rated 0—2, 6 subscales social withdrawal, depressed, sleep problems, somatic problems, aggressive, destructive P Achenbach et ah, 1992... 

Child Behavior Checklist/2-3 (CBCL/2-3) Private, via author Thomas Achenbach, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 S. Prospect St., Burlington, VT 05401 (802-656-2602)... 

Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form Public domain, Michael Aman, Ph.D., The Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210-1257... 

Aman, M.G., Tasse, M.J., Rojahn, J., and Hammer, D. (1996) The Nisonger CBRF a child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil, 17, 41—57. 

C. Does the child have a comorbid psychiatric disorder ADIS-C/P, K-SADS, Youth Self-Report (YSR), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)... 

If one accepts the position that the structure of mental illness may differ for young people with MR, then it is also reasonable to choose assessment instruments that are appropriate to that population. There are several tools that have been developed for parent and teacher ratings of patients with MR. Examples are the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Developmental Behaviour Checklist, the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, and the Diagnostic Assessment of the Severely Handicapped (see Hurley et ah, 1998 Chapter 32, this volume). 

Recently, Janssen Pharmaceutica launched several studies of risperidone in children with borderline IQ or MR and a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (usually oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder). To be admissible into the study, subjects needed to be 5 to 12 years old, inclusive, and score above 24 on the Conduct Problem subscale of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF). One 6-week acute trial (n = 118) was conducted in the United States (Aman et al., in press), whereas the other n = 110) was based in Canada (Snyder et al., in press). The findings of the two studies were virtually identical, with... 

Nakata, Y., Kanbayashi, Y., Fukui, T, Fujii, H., Kita, M., Okada, A., and Morioka, Y. (1999) A study on the Japanese version of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 2 to 3 (CBCL/2-3) [in Japanese]. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol Child 39 305-316. 

Osada, H., Kato, S., Naganuma, Y., Setoya, Y., Kubota, Y., Watan-abe, Y., Tachimori, H., Kurita, H., and Ohta, M. (2000) The usefulness of Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) as a supplementary scale for diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders [in Japanese] Clin Psychiatry 42 527-534. 

The effect of stimulants on child behavior was first reported in 1937. Charles Bradley, a physician working with children of normal intelligence who had neurological and behavioral disorders, prescribed Benzedrine to treat headaches in children who had undergone a spinal tap. Although the headaches did not disappear with the amphetamines, the children s level of activity decreased tremendously and their academic performance and compliance increased. 

Other rating scales for parents and teachers include the Child Behavior Checklist, which has two parts. The first part of the parents version measures social activities that of the teachers version measures how the child is adapting in the classroom. The second part, in both versions, measures... 

Sciarillo WG, Alexander G, Farrell KP (1992) Lead exposure and child behavior. Am J Public Health, 82(10) 1356-1360. 

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