Chick embryos methods

Knratani, S., Tanaka, S., Ishikawa, Y., andZnkeran, C. (1988) Early development of the hypoglossal nerve in the chick embryo as observed by whole-mount nerve staining method. Am. J. Anal. 182,155-168. 

Brooks PC, Montgomery AM, Cheresh DA (1999) Use of the 10-day-old chick embryo model for studying angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 129 257-269... 

Burnat, Sir Frank Maefarlane (1899-1985) Australian virologist, who spent his working life at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne. In the early 1930s he developed a method of growing influenza virus in chick embryos. He later discovered that immunological tolerance (failure of the immune response) required repeated exposure to the antigen. For this work he shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Sir Peter Medawar. He dso proposed the clonal selection theory. 

The study by Walker (1967) in which the yolk of 4-day chick embryos was replaced by various yolk fractions provided an interesting comparison to the above observations and represented the only additional study dealing with the direct effect of yolk fractions on the early embryo. In these studies the yolk was removed after 3 days of incubation by the method of yolk-sac perfusion and replaced on the fourth day with a single injection of nutrients. After 4 additional days of incubation embryos were weighed, their extraembryonic membranes were examined, and survival was recorded. A comparison of the three fractions analyzed in this study with yolk at equal levels of nitrogen indicated that embryo growth on supernatant plasma and the floating fractions was comparable... 

Nakamura H, Funahashi J (2001) Introduction of DNA into chick embryos by in ovo electroporation. Methods 24 43 8. 

Spratt, N. T., Jr. (1947) A simple method for explanting and cultivating early chick embryos in vitro. Science 106,452. 

A Method to Culture Early Chick Embryos Andrea Streit... 

While McWorther and Whipple are reported to be the first to culture primitive streak stage chick embryos in vitro successfully (3), the most important advances in culture conditions were made between the 1930s and 1950s. Waddington (4) modified a method previously designed for organ and tissue culture, using a plasma clot as support for the blastoderm. Spratt (5-8) and... 

This chapter describes the protocol to set up chick embryo cultures according to the method of Chapman and colleagues with some modifications and points out some of its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to New culture. 

Seidl W (1977) Description of a device facilitating the in vitro culture of chick embryo according to the New method. Foha Morphologica (Praha) 25 43 5. 

Follow the method in section 18.2.2.2 to place a chick embryo in modified New (6) cnlture as if to receive a graft. 

A summary of the principal metabolic pathways for the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones, intermediates, and metabolites together with porphyrin-inducing activities is presented in Fig. 5 [65]. The chick embryo liver cell tissue culture method was used for the determinations, and the inducing activities were related to the intensity of porphyrin fluorescence as observed in a fluorescence microscope. 

As a result of this active protein synthesis, the total protein mass is increased, and new proteins appear. The development of new proteins has been established by immunological methods and by determination of enzyme activity. During the development of the chick embryo lens, seven antigenic proteins appear. The antigen reactive groups of myosin appear in the heartforming area of the chick embryo. Fluorescent antibody techniques have demonstrated that myosin is diffusely distributed in the early embryo it is later restricted to the heart and muscle-developing areas [16]. 

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