Chick embryos early development

Knratani, S., Tanaka, S., Ishikawa, Y., andZnkeran, C. (1988) Early development of the hypoglossal nerve in the chick embryo as observed by whole-mount nerve staining method. Am. J. Anal. 182,155-168. 

Kieny, M., Mauger, A., Sengel, P. 1972. Early regionalization of somitic mesoderm as studied by the development of axial skeleton of the chick embryo. Dev. Biol. 28, 142-161. 

The effect of alloxan diabetes on congenital malformations of the foetus has been examined in mice made diabetic prior to conception. Alloxan can induce agnathia, cranioschisis, chaniorrhachischisis, cleft palate, microglossia and fused ribs in a number of animals tested [88]. Development of chick embryos at the early stage is also inhibited by alloxan [89]. Addition of glutathione completely protects the embryos [89]. 

I would next instance the 1931 paper by Adamstone of Urbana, who analyzed with care the condition of the chick embryo which would ultimately perish before the end of incubation, as had been determined by his colleague L. E. Card (1929). In this first study by an embryologist, Adam-stone (1931) encountered the phenomena of multiple hemorrhages in embryos which had passed the early eritical stages of development— hemorrhages quite analogous to those observed in rat embryos in the beautiful studies of Mason some years later. Adamstone next described clearly the way in which the circulatory system of the embryo is choked off by mesoderm proliferation, a proliferation which creates a peculiar lethal ring in the blastoderm. 

Burnat, Sir Frank Maefarlane (1899-1985) Australian virologist, who spent his working life at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne. In the early 1930s he developed a method of growing influenza virus in chick embryos. He later discovered that immunological tolerance (failure of the immune response) required repeated exposure to the antigen. For this work he shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with Sir Peter Medawar. He dso proposed the clonal selection theory. 

The chick embryo can be cultuered in vitro at a relatively early stage of development and is nutritionally responsive. For studies of protein starvation with these embryos, a medium was sought which would... 

The following is a brief descriptive account of the early development of the chick embryo. Excellent photographs of embryos at gastrulation and later stages are included in Chapter 16. 

Stem CD, Bachvarova R (1997) Early chick embryos in vitro. Int J Develop Biol 41 379-387. 

Sundin, O. and Eichele, G. (1992) An early marker of axial pattern in the chick embryo and its respecification by retinoic acid. Development 114, 841-852. 

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