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Chernobyl-4 Design Features

We continue with a description of major design features and then a more detailed comparison of cooling circuits and reactor stability. We finish with accounts of resonance, Doppler and xenon poisoning effects and some aspects of reactor physics at Chernobyl as more technical appendices. [Pg.48]

After the severe accidents at the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power stations, new designs with improved safety features have been proposed focusing on more intensive consideration of passive safety characteristics. A much more far-reaching demand for the introduction of innovative nuclear power plants in the future is made on a design such that fission product release is made impossible or, at least, restricted to the plant itself. [Pg.304]

The purpose of this section is to compare the features of the RBMK reactor operated at Chernobyl with reactor types pertinent to the UK. It will be recollected that the RBMK covers a large number of reactors and the comparisons made are indeed with Chernobyl No. 4. The UK reactors covered are in three classes the commercial reactors now built and operated or in commission (Magnox and Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR)) the prototype Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor (SGHWR) and Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) that have comparable performance to commercial reactors and the proposed Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) or Sizewell B design which, it... [Pg.47]

This defect is met in commercial BWR designs by additional circulation of the coolant around the reactor core, over and above the coolant removed as steam through the turbines. Controllers link the flow rate to the power demand as felt on the turbine, so that the increased coolant input sweeps out the steam bubbles and compensates for the void effect. The RBMK has a similar additional coolant circulation which is necessary, perhaps, for its satisfactory operation with a negative water void coefficient but would exacerbate the disadvantage of a positive coefficient. This again was a feature of the Chernobyl accident. [Pg.56]

Limitations in the Soviet manufacturing capacity for specialist equipment such as electronics and control, and the lack of a comprehensive quality assurance system, linked to the pressure to design and build plant that could be manufactured, constructed and commissioned quickly, led to a design which, in both concept and detail, has features which impaired ultimate plant safety. Among the features of the design which appear to be questionable, some of which contributed to the initiation and development of the accident at the Chernobyl 4 reactor, the following merit noting ... [Pg.89]

Small and medium size reactor development has many incentives some are economic others are safety related. The motivation for these developments has included the need to influence public acceptability of nuclear power. The simplicity of reactor designs should improve the transparency of their reactor safety. Another incentive to SMR development has been its suitability for the implementation of new design approaches. Innovative and evolutionary designs with novel features have been implemented in the SMR range. A passive safety approach has so far been the technology of small and medium reactors. Some Member States have been or are interested in SMR developments since TMI and Chernobyl as an answer to utility, as well as public requirements, in particular to saf and public acceptance issues. The economics of nuclear reactors are summarised in y pendix I. SMRs have particular characteristics which can enable them to be economically viable in spite of losing the advantage of the economics of scale. These economic incentives are included in the list below. [Pg.11]

All four Chernobyl reactors shared the same Soviet design, the Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosty Kanalny (RBMK), high-power channel reactor (Anon., 2010). The RBMK was a uniquely soviet design that evolved from the early Russian graphite moderated reactors used for the Soviet Union s production of plutonium for then-weapons program. As a result, the RBMK design included several features that made it distinctly different from the commercial reactors developed in the West. One major... [Pg.55]


See other pages where Chernobyl-4 Design Features is mentioned: [Pg.172]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.2706]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.630]    [Pg.611]    [Pg.477]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.931]   


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Chernobyl

Design features

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