Chemokine nomenclature

Societies/World Health Organization Subcommittee on Chemokine Nomenclature (2001) Chemokine/ chemokine receptor nomenclature. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 70,... 

Montana V, Ni Y, Sunjara V, Hua X, Parpura V (2004) Vesicular glutamate transporter-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes. J Neurosci 24 2633-2642 Murphy TH, Blatter LA, Wier WG, Baraban JM (1993) Rapid communication between neurons and astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. J Neurosci 13 2672-2679 Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hebert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, Power CA (2000) International union of pharmacology. XXll. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 52 145-176... 

Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, et al. International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2000 52 145-176. 

A systematic nomenclature has been developed for the chemokine receptors (see Table 1). Thus, receptors for CC chemokines are referred to as CCR, receptors for CXC chemokines as CXCR, and the receptors for the XC and CX3C chemokines as XCR and CX3CR, respectively. To date, there are 10 CCRs (CCRs 1 to 10), 7 CXCRs, a single XCR, and a single CX3CR. The numbering is based on the date of deposition of the chemokine receptor sequence within the nucleic acid databases. For orphan receptors, this date refers to the point of identification of the orphan receptors as chemokine receptors and not to the date of initial deposition in the cDNA databases. 

Murphy PM. International Union of Pharmacology. Update on chemokine receptor nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2002 54 227-229. 

Chemokines exert their action through seven-transmembrane receptors, which are GPCRs (Fig. 4.2). Six CXC receptors, 10 CC receptors, and one receptor each for lymphotactin and fractalkine have been identified. Table 4.1 summarizes the human chemokine receptor family, their ligand specificity, and the cell types that predominantly express these receptors. The new nomenclature for chemokines is also included in the table (8). 

IL8RA (CXCRl) Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Nomenclature for chemokines is defined elsewhere [22, 460]. IL8RA is specific... 

The rapid pace of chemokine discovery led to a nomenclature crisis, especially in the naming of chemokine ligands. Early reports assigned multiple names to the same chemokine. Fortunately, a new standardized nomenclature has been adopted, largely based on a system previously used for naming of chemokine receptors. Specifically, chemokine receptors are referred to as CC (in the case of the CC chemokine family), CXC (for the CXC family), C (lymphotactin/... 

Chemokines are divided into four subclasses CXC, CC, CX3C, and C, based on the number and spacing of conserved cysteines. Because many chemokines can bind more than one receptor, and many chemokine receptors can bind more than one chemokine, but not from more than one subclass, a systematic nomenclature has been devised in which each receptor name contains an appropriate chemokine subclass root followed by the letter R, denoting receptor, and a unique number (2). Recently, a decade-long chaos in chemokine ligand nomenclature has been brought to order by a standardized system that uses the same subclass and unique number rule established first for the receptors (3). 

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